{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T06:12:29Z","timestamp":1778998349837,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016003","name":"Istanbul \u00dcniversitesi-Cerrahpasa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T05:29:19Z","timestamp":1607232559000},"page":"116729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Investigation of temporal illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco trends in Istanbul city: Wastewater analysis of 14 treatment plants"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Asicioglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kuloglu Genc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Tekin Bulbul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Yayla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SZ","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Adioren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0431-6972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S","family":"Mercan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.07.014","article-title":"Occurrence, fate, and mass balance of different classes of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic wastewater treatment plant in Xiamen, China.","volume":"123","author":"Ashfaq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3686-5","article-title":"Comparison of pharmaceutical, illicit drug, alcohol, nicotine and caffeine levels in wastewater with sale, seizure and consumption data for 8 European cities","volume":"16","author":"Baz-Lomba","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6996","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01279","article-title":"Mining the Chemical Information on Urban Wastewater: Monitoring Human Exposure to Phosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers","volume":"52","author":"Been","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.002","article-title":"Assessing geographical differences in illicit drug consumption-A comparison of results from epidemiological and wastewater data in germany and switzerland","volume":"161","author":"Been","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.002","article-title":"Spatial and temporal trends in alcohol consumption in Belgian cities: A wastewater-based approach","volume":"160","author":"Boogaerts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1021\/es302722f","article-title":"Evaluation of uncertainties associated with the determination of community drug use through the measurement of sewage drug biomarkers","volume":"47","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051553","article-title":"A novel approach for monitoring tobacco use in local communities by wastewater analysis","volume":"24","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.350","article-title":"Alcohol and nicotine consumption trends in three U.S. communities determined by wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"656","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200205000-00012","article-title":"Precursor Medications as a Source of Methamphetamine and\/or...\u00a0: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"44","author":"Cody","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31884","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09056-w","article-title":"Estimating alcohol consumption by using wastewater-based epidemiology in Adana Province, Turkey","volume":"27","author":"Daglioglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.11.012","article-title":"Assessment of illicit drugs in wastewater and estimation of drugs of abuse in Adana Province, Turkey","volume":"294","author":"Daglioglu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0012","series-title":"ACS Symposium Series","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2001-0791","article-title":"Illicit Drugs in Municipal Sewage, in: Pharmaceuticals and Care Products in the Environment","author":"Daughton","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7","article-title":"The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and drug use in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"5","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-020-00304-x","article-title":"Occurrence and removal of illicit drugs in different wastewater treatment plants with different treatment techniques","volume":"32","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138492","article-title":"Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine consumption on a public U.S. university campus determined by wastewater-based epidemiology.","volume":"727","author":"Driver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030889","article-title":"Monitoring consumption of common illicit drugs in kuala lumpur, malaysia, by wastewater-cased epidemiology","volume":"17","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0017","series-title":"Turkey Country Drug Report 2019","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0018","series-title":"Assessing illicit drugs in wastewater: advances in wastwater-based drug epidemiology, Insights 22","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0019","unstructured":"EMCDDA & EUROPOL, 2019. EU Drug Markets Report 2019, https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/system\/files\/publications\/12078\/20192630_TD0319332ENN_PDF.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134207","article-title":"Use of legal and illegal substances in Mal\u00e9 (Republic of Maldives) assessed by wastewater analysis","volume":"698","author":"Fallati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b05612","article-title":"Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as a New Tool for Estimating Population Exposure to Phthalate Plasticizers","volume":"51","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mari\u00f1o","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14767","article-title":"Spatio\u2010temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring","volume":"115","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Mari\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121108","article-title":"Wastewater-based epidemiology for tracking human exposure to mycotoxins","volume":"382","author":"Gracia-Lor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105690","article-title":"Sale-based estimation of pharmaceutical concentrations and associated environmental risk in the Japanese wastewater system","volume":"139","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"96","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0025","article-title":"International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use ICH HARMONISED TRIPARTITE GUIDELINE VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES: TEXT AND METHODOLOGY Q2(R1) [WWW Document]","volume":"62","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fed. Regist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.01.043","article-title":"Application of a sewage-based approach to assess the use of ten illicit drugs in four Chinese megacities","volume":"487","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.09.062","article-title":"Mycotoxins: Diffuse and point source contributions of natural contaminants of emerging concern to streams","volume":"470\u2013471","author":"Kolpin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.441","article-title":"Long-term monitoring of drug consumption patterns in a large-sized European city using wastewater-based epidemiology: Comparison of two sampling schemes for the assessment of multiannual trends","volume":"647","author":"Krizman-Matasic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.167","article-title":"Assessment of drugs of abuse in a wastewater treatment plant with parallel secondary wastewater treatment train","volume":"658","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.167","article-title":"Assessment of drugs of abuse in a wastewater treatment plant with parallel secondary wastewater treatment train","volume":"658","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.05.181","article-title":"Cocaine, MDMA and methamphetamine residues in wastewater: Consumption trends (2009\u20132015) in South East Queensland, Australia.","volume":"568","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06670-1","article-title":"Occurrence, seasonal variation and environmental impact of phosphorus flame retardants in a large scale wastewater treatment plant","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2019.03.003","article-title":"The value of wastewater-based epidemiology in the estimation of alcohol consumption","author":"L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.01.274","article-title":"Analysis of stimulant drugs in the wastewater of five Nordic capitals","volume":"627","author":"L\u00f6ve","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.053","article-title":"Trends in nicotine consumption between 2010 and 2017 in an Australian city using the wastewater-based epidemiology approach","volume":"125","author":"Mackie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.126","article-title":"Five-year monitoring of 19 illicit and legal substances of abuse at the inlet of a wastewater treatment plant in Barcelona (NE Spain) and estimation of drug consumption patterns and trends","volume":"609","author":"Mastroianni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.10.040","article-title":"Critical review on the stability of illicit drugs in sewers and wastewater samples","author":"McCall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.345","article-title":"Wastewater-based monitoring of illicit drug consumption in Istanbul: Preliminary results from two districts","volume":"656","author":"Mercan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12570","article-title":"Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis","volume":"109","author":"Ort","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.104","article-title":"Occurrence, distribution, and potential affecting factors of organophosphate flame retardants in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in Henan Province, Central China.","volume":"152","author":"Pang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.047","article-title":"Seasonal occurrence, removal, mass loading and environmental risk assessment of 55 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Central Greece","volume":"543","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001637","article-title":"Estimation of cocaine consumption in the community: A critical comparison of the results from three complimentary techniques","volume":"2","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138132","article-title":"Assessment of human exposure to selected pesticides in Norway by wastewater analysis","volume":"723","author":"Rousis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.044","article-title":"Wastewater-based epidemiology to assess pan-European pesticide exposure","volume":"121","author":"Rousis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.04.138","article-title":"Comparative measurement and quantitative risk assessment of alcohol consumption through wastewater-based epidemiology: An international study in 20 cities","volume":"565","author":"Ryu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8157","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07504-w","article-title":"Methamphetamine use in typical Chinese cities evaluated by wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6661","DOI":"10.1021\/es501709a","article-title":"Mass loading and removal of select illicit drugs in two wastewater treatment plants in New York State and estimation of illicit drug usage in communities through wastewater analysis","volume":"48","author":"Subedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61628-5","article-title":"Urban wastewater analysis as an effective tool for monitoring illegal drugs, including new psychoactive substances, in the Eastern European region","volume":"10","author":"Sulej-Suchomska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.06.069","article-title":"Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis","volume":"432","author":"Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0050","series-title":"TURKISH Minist. Agric. For. Tob. ALCOHOL Dep.","article-title":"Alkol ve Alkoll\u00fc \u0130\u00e7kiler Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 [WWW Document].","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0051","series-title":"TURKISH DRUG REPORT: Trends and Developments, Smart Materials","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0052","unstructured":"UNODC, 2019. World Drug Report 2019. Vienna, https:\/\/wdr.unodc.org\/wdr2019\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.05.030","article-title":"Illicit drug consumption estimations derived from wastewater analysis: A critical review","volume":"409","author":"van Nuijs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.12.006","article-title":"Sewage epidemiology - A real-time approach to estimate the consumption of illicit drugs in Brussels, Belgium.","volume":"37","author":"van Nuijs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.010","article-title":"Wastewater analysis reveals regional variability in exposure to abused drugs and opioids in Finland","volume":"487","author":"Vuori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.04.064","article-title":"Monitoring, mass balance and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in seven wastewater treatment plants in Xiamen City, China.","volume":"354","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.023","article-title":"Reduction in methamphetamine consumption trends from 2015 to 2018 detected by wastewater-based epidemiology in Dalian, China","volume":"194","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-020-04565-3","article-title":"Occurrence of Stimulant Drugs of Abuse in a San Diego, CA, Stream and their Consumption Rates in the Neighboring Community.","volume":"231","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water. Air. Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2604","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate flame retardants\/plasticizers in wastewater treatment plant sludges from the Pearl River Delta, China.","volume":"33","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23593","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05575-3","article-title":"Temporal profile of illicit drug consumption in Guangzhou, China monitored by wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2019.03.004","article-title":"Uncertainties in estimating alcohol and tobacco consumption by wastewater-based epidemiology","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11022","article-title":"Estimating community drug abuse by wastewater analysis","volume":"116","author":"Zuccato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729_bib0063","first-page":"14","article-title":"Cocaine in surface waters: A new evidence-based tool to monitor community drug abuse","volume":"4","author":"Zuccato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Heal. A Glob. Access Sci. Source"}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135420312628?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135420312628?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T03:43:14Z","timestamp":1758598994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135420312628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0043135420312628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigation of temporal illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco trends in Istanbul city: Wastewater analysis of 14 treatment plants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116729","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116729"}}