{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:21:54Z","timestamp":1790778114722,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T08:03:42Z","timestamp":1657094622000},"page":"118826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Highly efficient Al-Ti gel as a coagulant for surface water treatment: Insights into the hydrolysate transformation and coagulation mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Kangying","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhining","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinyan","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.131133","article-title":"Recent advancement in the application of hybrid coagulants in coagulation-flocculation of wastewater: a review","volume":"345","author":"Abujazar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117562","article-title":"Deprotonation and aggregation of Al13 under alkaline titration: a simulating study related to coagulation process","volume":"203","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.119108","article-title":"DFT-based study on the molecular interaction of hydrochloric acid with different extractants","volume":"357","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-016-2766-6","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of a composite coagulant: polyferric titanium sulfate","volume":"227","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2022.102509","article-title":"Red mud-based polyaluminium ferric chloride flocculant: preparation, characterisation, and flocculation performance","volume":"27","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101342","article-title":"Simultaneous presence of poly titanium chloride and Fe=O3-Mn2O3 nanocomposite in the enhanced coagulation for high rate As(V) removal from contaminated water","volume":"36","author":"Eslami","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5529","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1501133","article-title":"From weak to strong interactions: a comprehensive analysis of the topological and energetic properties of the electron density distribution involving X\u2013HF\u2013Y systems","volume":"117","author":"Espinosa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1360\/SSC-2020-0221","article-title":"Analysis of key factors in the coagulation of metal salts based on the calculation of hydrolysis-precipitation distribution","volume":"51","author":"Gan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientia Sinica Chimica"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.03.047","article-title":"Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy with regional integration analysis for characterizing composition and transformation of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates","volume":"190","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.126129","article-title":"Characterization and application of poly-ferric-titanium-silicate-sulfate in disperse and reactive dye wastewaters treatment","volume":"249","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101267","article-title":"Direct preparation of polysilicic acid flocculant by using pickling waste liquor of metal plate","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.12.038","article-title":"Coagulation of dissolved organic matter in surface water by novel titanium (III) chloride: mechanistic surface chemical and spectroscopic characterisation","volume":"213","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132137","article-title":"Amidoxime modified Fe3O4@TiO2 particles for antibacterial and efficient uranium extraction from seawater","volume":"287","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116250","article-title":"The formation of planar crystalline flocs of gamma-FeOOH in Fe(II) coagulation and the influence of humic acid","volume":"185","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2021.124976","article-title":"Enhanced low-temperature activity and selectivity for the ammoxidation of 2,6-dichlorotoluene using V-Ti-O nanocomposite synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method","volume":"272","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3390\/pr6080125","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of polyaluminum titanium silicate and its performance in the treatment of low-turbidity water","volume":"6","author":"Liao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.120148","article-title":"The interactions between Al (III) and Ti (IV) in the composite coagulant polyaluminum-titanium chloride","volume":"282","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116665","article-title":"Synergistic fouling behaviors and mechanisms of calcium ions and polyaluminum chloride associated with alginate solution in coagulation-ultrafiltration (UF) process","volume":"189","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.22885","article-title":"Multiwfn: a multifunctional wavefunction analyzer","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2021.117388","article-title":"Highly efficient and stable ordered mesoporous Ti-Al composite oxide catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene with CO2","volume":"250","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101785","article-title":"Defluoridation of water using anatase titanium dioxide nano-powder loaded 3D printed model devise","volume":"40","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8848","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01918","article-title":"Sustainable removal of microplastics and natural organic matter from water by coagulation-flocculation with protein amyloid fibrils","volume":"55","author":"Peydayesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2020.100634","article-title":"Experimental design approach for optimization of Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution using poly-o-toluidine\/stannic(IV) triethanolamine as adsorbent","volume":"17","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.9b04938","article-title":"Correlating oxygen species with product selectivity for dehydrogenation of butane over titanium mixed oxide catalysts","volume":"59","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0026","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Treating dyeing wastewater with a kind of polyferric titanium sulfate","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.10.039","article-title":"Synergistic effects of various in situ hydrolyzed aluminum species for the removal of humic acid","volume":"148","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2010.10.023","article-title":"Preparation and coagulation performance of poly-ferric-aluminum-silicate-sulfate from fly ash","volume":"268","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.11.117","article-title":"Reduction of organic matter and disinfection byproducts formation potential by titanium, aluminum and ferric salts coagulation for micro-polluted source water treatment","volume":"219","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.02.114","article-title":"Optimization of coagulation pre-treatment for alleviating ultrafiltration membrane fouling: The role of floc properties on Al species","volume":"200","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2018.11.014","article-title":"Application of Al species in coagulation\/ultrafiltration process: influence of cake layer on membrane fouling","volume":"572","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Membrane Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.12.081","article-title":"Advantages of titanium xerogel over titanium tetrachloride and polytitanium tetrachloride in coagulation: a mechanism analysis","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9619","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03321","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of titanium-based xerogel as a promising coagulant for water\/wastewater treatment","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.10.066","article-title":"Potent removal of cyanobacteria with controlled release of toxic secondary metabolites by a titanium xerogel coagulant","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.118047","article-title":"High-efficient removal of arsenite by coagulation with titanium xerogel coagulant","volume":"258","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124838","article-title":"Pre-coagulation with cationic flocculant-composited titanium xerogel coagulant for alleviating subsequent ultrafiltration membrane fouling by algae-related pollutants","volume":"407","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126046","article-title":"Deep removal of arsenite from water with no need for pre-oxidation or in-line oxidation","volume":"401","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20323","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CP02805G","article-title":"Efficient evaluation of electrostatic potential with computerized optimized code","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.02.011","article-title":"Variations of floc morphology and extracellular organic matters (EOM) in relation to floc filterability under algae flocculation harvesting using polymeric titanium coagulants (PTCs)","volume":"256","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5466","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201901208","article-title":"Precise control of the oriented layered double hydroxide nanosheets growth on graphene oxides leading to efficient catalysts for cascade reactions","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115789","article-title":"Recycling of titanium-coagulated algae-rich sludge for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of phenolic contaminants through oxygen vacancy","volume":"177","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135422007758?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135422007758?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T04:30:43Z","timestamp":1758601843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135422007758"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0043135422007758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Highly efficient Al-Ti gel as a coagulant for surface water treatment: Insights into the hydrolysate transformation and coagulation mechanism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118826","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118826"}}