{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T02:42:32Z","timestamp":1794278552965,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010230","name":"Queensland Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T08:23:54Z","timestamp":1691223834000},"page":"120452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Monitoring medication and illicit drug consumption in a prison by wastewater-based epidemiology: Impact of COVID-19 restrictions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"244","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1266-7251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen F.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake W.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Tscharke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rory","family":"Verhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuda","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Prichard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1984-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin V.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0042-3057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phong K.","family":"Thai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0001","series-title":"National Wastewater Drug Monitoring Program Report 13","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0002","series-title":"The Health of Australia's Prisoners 2018","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00532","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 controls on the use of illicit drugs and alcohol in Australia","volume":"8","author":"Bade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.107","article-title":"Illicit and pharmaceutical drug consumption estimated via wastewater analysis. Part A: chemical analysis and drug use estimates","volume":"487","author":"Baker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.032","article-title":"Prescription opioid abuse in prison settings: a systematic review of prevalence, practice and treatment responses","volume":"171","author":"Bi-Mohammed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12185","article-title":"Wastewater testing compared with random urinalyses for the surveillance of illicit drug use in prisons","volume":"35","author":"Brewer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0007","unstructured":"Devault, D., Karolak, S., Levi, Y. and N\u00e9fau, T. (2017) Estimation of the consumption of illicit drug uses in prisons and in the general population in France using wastewater analysis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148838","article-title":"Analysing wastewater to estimate fentanyl and tramadol use in major Chinese cities","volume":"795","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155697","article-title":"Use of illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco in Spain and Portugal during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020 as measured by wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"836","author":"Est\u00e9vez-Danta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0010","unstructured":"Farquhar, L. and Scully, A. (2020) Coronavirus restrictions spark unrest in prisons as cell fires confirmed in NSW."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149014","article-title":"Patterns of pharmaceuticals use during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Athens, Greece as revealed by wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"798","author":"Galani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.06.2009.1935","article-title":"Up yours\": smuggling illicit drugs into prison","volume":"2009","author":"George","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14767","article-title":"Spatio-temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring","volume":"115","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mari\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108349","article-title":"Use of non\u2013prescribed buprenorphine in the criminal justice system: perspectives of individuals recently released from incarceration","volume":"127","author":"Gryczynski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03887.x","article-title":"An analysis of ethical issues in using wastewater analysis to monitor illicit drug use","volume":"107","author":"Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-018-0219-0","article-title":"Prescription opioid dispensing in New South Wales, Australia: spatial and temporal variation","volume":"19","author":"Islam","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00958.x","article-title":"Buprenorphine diversion and injection in Melbourne, Australia: an emerging issue?","volume":"100","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-019-00353-5","article-title":"The Prison and Transition Health (PATH) cohort study: study protocol and baseline characteristics of a cohort of men with a history of injecting drug use leaving prison in Australia","volume":"96","author":"Kirwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13792","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of prescription opioid analgesic use in Australia","volume":"85","author":"Lalic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12442","article-title":"A qualitative study of reasons for seeking and ceasing opioid substitution treatment in prisons in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"36","author":"Larney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.006","article-title":"Buprenorphine and methadone maintenance in jail and post-release: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"99","author":"Magura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0022","first-page":"CD002209","article-title":"Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence","volume":"2009","author":"Mattick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0023","first-page":"CD002207","article-title":"Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence","volume":"2014","author":"Mattick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2015.07.034","article-title":"Reliability and failure rate analysis of pressure, vacuum and gravity sewer systems based on operating data","volume":"61","author":"Miszta-Kruk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00426","article-title":"Trends in substance use in two United States Communities during Early COVID-19 lockdowns based on wastewater analysis","volume":"8","author":"Montgomery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.06.012","article-title":"Evaluation of drugs of abuse use and trends in a prison through wastewater analysis","volume":"37","author":"Postigo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0027","series-title":"Wastewater Analysis for Substance Abuse Monitoring and Policy Development","author":"Prichard","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0028","unstructured":"Queensland Corrective Services (2020) Recovery commencement plan. https:\/\/corrections.qld.gov.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/QCS-Recovery-Plan.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144006","article-title":"Monitoring drug consumption in Innsbruck during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown by wastewater analysis","volume":"757","author":"Reinstadler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15244","article-title":"Rapid upscale of depot buprenorphine (CAM2038) in custodial settings during the early COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"116","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0031","unstructured":"The ACT Inspector of Correctional Services (2020) Australian responses to COVID-19 in prisons."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12156","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in using wastewater analysis to measure drug use in a small prison facility","volume":"35","author":"Van Dyken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2014.06.006","article-title":"Monitoring substance use in prisons: assessing the potential value of wastewater analysis","volume":"54","author":"Van Dyken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0034","unstructured":"Vedelago, C. (2020) Prisons struggle to swat drug-smuggling drones."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12317","article-title":"The extramedical use and diversion of opioid substitution medications and other medications in prison settings in Australia following the introduction of buprenorphine\u2013naloxone film","volume":"35","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11022","article-title":"Estimating community drug abuse by wastewater analysis","volume":"116","author":"Zuccato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135423008928?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135423008928?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T04:41:46Z","timestamp":1758602506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135423008928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0043135423008928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Monitoring medication and illicit drug consumption in a prison by wastewater-based epidemiology: Impact of COVID-19 restrictions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120452","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120452"}}