{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T05:33:47Z","timestamp":1782020027211,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001831","name":"TU Delft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001831","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T19:40:22Z","timestamp":1706557222000},"page":"121233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Embedding Fe(0) electrocoagulation in a biologically active As(III) oxidising filter bed"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"252","author":[{"given":"Mrinal","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4518-9314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Kraaijeveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jink C\uff0e J\uff0e","family":"Gude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6697-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Case M.","family":"van Genuchten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luuk C.","family":"Rietveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"van Halem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2018.10.014","article-title":"Arsenite removal in groundwater treatment plants by sequential Permanganate\u2015Ferric treatment","volume":"26","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Water. Process. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123805","article-title":"Arsenic removal technologies and future trends: A mini review","volume":"278","author":"Alka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.074","article-title":"Electro-chemical arsenic remediation: Field trials in West Bengal","volume":"488","author":"Amrose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115668","article-title":"Long-term electrode behavior during treatment of arsenic contaminated groundwater by a pilot-scale iron electrocoagulation system","volume":"175","author":"Bandaru","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.01.030","article-title":"How do operating conditions affect As(III) removal by iron electrocoagulation?","volume":"112","author":"Delaire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.1021\/es030309t","article-title":"Comparison of Arsenic(V) and Arsenic(III) Sorption onto Iron Oxide Minerals:\u2009 Implications for Arsenic Mobility","volume":"37","author":"Dixit","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Tech."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13184","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b03855","article-title":"Impact of pH on Iron Redox Transformations in Simulated Freshwaters Containing Natural Organic Matter","volume":"52","author":"Garg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wroa.2018.100013","article-title":"Effect of supernatant water level on As removal in biological rapid sand filters","volume":"1","author":"Gude","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water. Res. X."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.10.005","article-title":"As (III) removal in rapid filters: Effect of pH, Fe (II)\/Fe (III), filtration velocity and media size","volume":"147","author":"Gude","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.10.034","article-title":"Fate of low arsenic concentrations during full-scale aeration and rapid filtration","volume":"88","author":"Gude","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2017.12.003","article-title":"Biological As(III) oxidation in rapid sand filters","volume":"21","author":"Gude","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Water. Process. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1021\/es026208x","article-title":"Iron-catalysed oxidation of Arsenic(III) by oxygen and by hydrogen peroxide: pH-dependent formation of oxidants in the Fenton reaction","volume":"37","author":"Hug","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Tech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2009.01266.x","article-title":"Formation of Trihalomethanes in Soil and Groundwater by the Release of Sodium Hypochlorite","volume":"30","author":"Jackman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ground. Water. Monit. Remediat."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0014","first-page":"2399","article-title":"Human health effects from chronic arsenic poisoning - A review","volume":"41","author":"Kapaj","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A Toxic\/Haz. Subs. Environ. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2003.09.011","article-title":"Application of biological processes for the removal of arsenic from groundwaters","volume":"38","author":"Katsoyiannis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1021\/es00003a033","article-title":"Rates and Mechanism of Fe(II) Oxidation at Nanomolar Total Iron Concentrations","volume":"29","author":"King","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53178-0.00008-0","article-title":"Advanced Arsenic Removal Technologies Review","author":"Kowalski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemistry of Advanced Environmental Purification Processes of Water: Fundamentals and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116467","article-title":"Arsenic immobilisation in soil using electricity-induced spreading of iron in situ","volume":"325","author":"Kumpiene","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2007.tb08108.x","article-title":"Microbial As(III) oxidation in water treatment plant filters","volume":"99","author":"Lytle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Water. Works Assoc."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2004.08.009","article-title":"Fundamentals, present and future perspectives of electrocoagulation","volume":"114","author":"Mollah","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.060","article-title":"Sustaining efficient production of aqueous iron during repeated operation of Fe(0)-electrocoagulation","volume":"155","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1021\/es0343205","article-title":"Arsenic Removal with Iron(II) and Iron(III) in Waters with High Silicate and Phosphate Concentrations","volume":"38","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0023","article-title":"Integrating biological As(III) oxidation with Fe(0) electrocoagulation for arsenic removal from groundwater","volume":"188","author":"Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2019.100462","article-title":"Perspectives on arsenic toxicity, carcinogenicity and its systemic remediation strategies","volume":"16","author":"Sodhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Tech. Innov."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.06.032","article-title":"Conventional oxidation treatments for the removal of arsenic with chlorine dioxide, hypochlorite, potassium permanganate and monochloramine","volume":"44","author":"Sorlini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0059","article-title":"Increased lung and bladder cancer incidence in adults after in utero and early-life arsenic exposure","volume":"23","author":"Steinmaus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.03.027","article-title":"Formation of macroscopic surface layers on Fe(0) electrocoagulation electrodes during an extended field trial of arsenic treatment","volume":"153","author":"van Genuchten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0028","first-page":"1459","article-title":"Emerging investigator series: Interdependency of green rust transformation and the partitioning and binding mode of arsenic","volume":"21","author":"van Genuchten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2018.08.031","article-title":"Controls on the formation of Fe(II,III) (hydr)oxides by Fe(0) electrolysis","volume":"286","author":"van Genuchten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115170","article-title":"Achieving arsenic concentrations of <1 \u00b5g\/L by Fe(0) electrolysis: The exceptional performance of magnetite","volume":"168","author":"van Genuchten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2017.09.008","article-title":"Factors affecting the Faradaic efficiency of Fe(0) electrocoagulation","volume":"5","author":"van Genuchten","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1021\/es201913a","article-title":"Removing arsenic from synthetic groundwater with iron electrocoagulation: An Fe and As K-edge EXAFS study","volume":"46","author":"van Genuchten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2013.11.044","article-title":"Structure of Fe(III) precipitates generated by the electrolytic dissolution of Fe(0) in the presence of groundwater ions","volume":"127","author":"van Genuchten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.08.016","article-title":"Effects of water chemistry on arsenic removal from drinking water by electrocoagulation","volume":"45","author":"Wan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0035","volume":"1","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.01.067","article-title":"Distribution and genetic diversity of the microorganisms in the biofilter for the simultaneous removal of arsenic, iron and manganese from simulated groundwater","volume":"156","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135424001337?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135424001337?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T21:04:28Z","timestamp":1737925468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135424001337"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0043135424001337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Embedding Fe(0) electrocoagulation in a biologically active As(III) oxidising filter bed","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121233","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121233"}}