{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:06:20Z","timestamp":1793808380317,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund Plus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC2020-028936-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2020-028936-I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T10:45:36Z","timestamp":1711363536000},"page":"121522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Making waves: Wastewater-based surveillance of cannabis use"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"255","author":[{"given":"Lubertus","family":"Bijlsma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cobus","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.N.","family":"van Nuijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Burgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0001","series-title":"Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.coac.2020.04.005","article-title":"The estimation of cannabis consumption through wastewater analysis","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144794","article-title":"The embodiment of wastewater data for the estimation of illicit drug consumption in Spain","volume":"772","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14641","article-title":"Using wastewater-based analysis to monitor the effects of legalized retail sales on cannabis consumption in Washington State, USA","volume":"114","author":"Burgard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119020","article-title":"Analytical investigation of cannabis biomarkers in raw urban wastewater to refine consumption estimates","volume":"223","author":"Campos-Ma\u00f1as","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.08.011","article-title":"Improving wastewater-based epidemiology to estimate cannabis use: focus on the initial aspects of the analytical procedure","volume":"988","author":"Causanilles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0015","unstructured":"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/210726\/dq210726a-eng.htm, n.d. Wastewater analysis suggests that consumption of fentanyl, cannabis and methamphetamine increased in the early pandemic period [WWW Document]. URL https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/210726\/dq210726a-eng.htm (accessed 11.13.23)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(02)00342-X","article-title":"Fate of natural estrogen conjugates in municipal sewage transport and treatment facilities","volume":"302","author":"D'Ascenzo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.08.004","article-title":"Price and product variation in Washington's recreational cannabis market","volume":"91","author":"Davenport","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0008","series-title":"European Drug Report 2022: Trends and Developments","first-page":"1","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14842","article-title":"Standard THC units\u2019: a proposal to standardize dose across all cannabis products and methods of administration","volume":"115","author":"Freeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.4500","article-title":"Association of cannabis use in adolescence and risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in young adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Gobbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14767","article-title":"Spatio-temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring","volume":"115","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mari\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.09.179","article-title":"Refining correction factors for back-calculation of illicit drug use","volume":"573","author":"Gracia-Lor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.11.006","article-title":"Impact of neuroimmune activation induced by alcohol or drug abuse on adolescent brain development","volume":"77","author":"Guerri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115642","article-title":"A critical review on the detection, occurrence, fate, toxicity, and removal of cannabinoids in the water system and the environment","volume":"268","author":"How","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2016.1270812","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of opioids and cannabinoids in wastewater samples","volume":"2","author":"Jacox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.01.020","article-title":"Sewer epidemiology mass balances for assessing the illicit use of methamphetamine, amphetamine and tetrahydrocannabinol","volume":"421\u2013422","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0018","unstructured":"Miech, R.A., Johnston, L.D., Patrick, M.E., O'Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G., Schulenberg, J.E., 2022. Monitoring the future national survey results on drug use, 1975\u20132022: secondary school students."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121034","article-title":"Towards an efficient method for the extraction and analysis of cannabinoids in wastewater","volume":"217","author":"Pandopulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150269","article-title":"Partitioning of phytocannabinoids between faeces and water \u2013 Implications for wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"805","author":"Pandopulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0021","unstructured":"Penington Institute, 2022. Cannabis in Australia 2022: Technical Report. Melbourne."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.06.012","article-title":"Evaluation of drugs of abuse use and trends in a prison through wastewater analysis","volume":"37","author":"Postigo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10572","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b06277","article-title":"Transformation and sorption of illicit drug biomarkers in sewer biofilms","volume":"51","author":"Ramin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13397","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03049","article-title":"Transformation and sorption of illicit drug biomarkers in sewer systems: understanding the role of suspended solids in raw wastewater","volume":"50","author":"Ramin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0025","series-title":"World Drug Report 2022","first-page":"102","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.05.030","article-title":"Illicit drug consumption estimations derived from wastewater analysis: a critical review","volume":"409","author":"van Nuijs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.03.009","article-title":"Multi-year inter-laboratory exercises for the analysis of illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater: development of a quality control system","volume":"103","author":"van Nuijs","year":"2018","journal-title":"TrAC - Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1983.179","article-title":"Metabolism, disposition, and kinetics of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in men and women","volume":"34","author":"Wall","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11022","article-title":"Estimating community drug abuse by wastewater analysis","volume":"116","author":"Zuccato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004313542400424X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004313542400424X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T21:14:37Z","timestamp":1731014077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004313542400424X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S004313542400424X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Making waves: Wastewater-based surveillance of cannabis use","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121522","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121522"}}