{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:21:44Z","timestamp":1791933704625,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010526","name":"NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010526","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T11:12:39Z","timestamp":1745925159000},"page":"123748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Reversing and controlling microbial proliferation in the water system of a high-risk hospital ward after extended closure and reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9736-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique L.","family":"Chaput","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerr","family":"Clarkson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Bagrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Marek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Leanord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2014.052","article-title":"Infection control by point-of-use water filtration in an intensive care unit \u2013 a Hungarian case study","volume":"12","author":"Barna","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Water. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0002","series-title":"Heterotrophic plate counts and drinking-water safety: the significance of HPCs for water quality and human health, Emerging issues in water and infectious disease series","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"British Standards Institution, 2022. BS 7592 - sampling for Legionella bacteria in water systems - code of practice. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3403\/30424997.","DOI":"10.3403\/30424997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283630adf","article-title":"The role of water in healthcare-associated infections","volume":"26","author":"Decker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0005","unstructured":"Department of Health, 2016. HTM 04-01: safe water in healthcare premises. Part B: Operational management."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4020373","article-title":"Opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens: increasingly important pathogens in drinking water","volume":"4","author":"Falkinham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.02.028","article-title":"Water and surface microbiologic quality of point-of-use water filters: a comparative study","volume":"44","author":"Florentin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2017.294","article-title":"Biofilm forming ability of Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolated from community drinking water systems on plumbing materials used in water distribution","volume":"15","author":"Gulati","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Water. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0009","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive, 2014. HSG274 Legionnaires\u2019 disease. Part 2: The control of legionella bacteria in hot and cold water systems."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0010","unstructured":"Health Facilities Scotland, 2015. SHTM 04-01: water safety for healthcare premises. Part G: Operational procedures and exemplar written scheme."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0011","unstructured":"Health Facilities Scotland, 2014a. SHTM 04-01: water safety for healthcare premises. Part B: Operational management."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0012","unstructured":"Health Facilities Scotland, 2014b SHTM 04-01: water safety for healthcare premises. Part C: TVC testing protocol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0013","unstructured":"Health Protection Scotland, 2018. Guidance for neonatal units (NNUs) (levels 1, 2 & 3), adult and paediatric intensive care units (ICUs) in Scotland to minimise the risk of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection from water."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0014","series-title":"Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection from Water Systems in Healthcare Facilities","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.02.001","article-title":"Investigation and control of an outbreak due to a contaminated hospital water system, identified following a rare case of Cupriavidus pauculus bacteraemia","volume":"111","author":"Inkster","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.02.003","article-title":"Cupriavidus spp. And other waterborne organisms in healthcare water systems across the UK","volume":"123","author":"Inkster","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0017","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization, 1999. ISO 6222:1999 water quality \u2013 enumeration of culturable micro-organisms \u2013 colony count by inoculation in a nutrient agar culture medium."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12271","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03521","article-title":"Bacterial community shift drives antibiotic resistance promotion during drinking water chlorination","volume":"49","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.120841","article-title":"Metagenomic assembly provides a deep insight into the antibiotic resistome alteration induced by drinking water chlorination and its correlations with bacterial host changes","volume":"379","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw122","article-title":"Healthcare outbreaks associated with a water reservoir and infection prevention strategies","volume":"62","author":"Kanamori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.086","article-title":"Relationship between antibiotic- and disinfectant-resistance profiles in bacteria harvested from tap water","volume":"152","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0022","series-title":"Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater","article-title":"9215 Heterotrophic plate count","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","article-title":"performance: an R package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models","volume":"6","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"JOSS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116474","article-title":"Evaluating method and potential risks of chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB): a review","volume":"188","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120363","article-title":"The composition of planktonic prokaryotic communities in a hospital building water system depends on both incoming water and flow dynamics","volume":"243","author":"Nisar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0026","first-page":"204","article-title":"Distribution and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter species on the skin of healthy humans","volume":"14","author":"Patil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Natl. Med. J. India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117997","article-title":"Tenets of a holistic approach to drinking water-associated pathogen research, management, and communication","volume":"211","author":"Proctor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1186","DOI":"10.1002\/aws2.1186","article-title":"Considerations for large building water quality after extended stagnation","volume":"2","author":"Proctor","year":"2020","journal-title":"AWWa Water. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0029","series-title":"R: A Language And Environment For Statistical Computing","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.05.024","article-title":"Skin microbiota is the main reservoir of roseomonas mucosa, an emerging opportunistic pathogen so far assumed to be environmental","volume":"22","author":"Romano-Bertrand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.03.007","article-title":"Sphingomonas paucimobilis: a persistent gram-negative nosocomial infectious organism","volume":"75","author":"Ryan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4265\/bio.25.223","article-title":"Efficacy and effectiveness of showerheads attached with point-of-use (POU) filter capsules in preventing waterborne diseases in a Japanese hospital","volume":"25","author":"Sasahara","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioControl Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frmbi.2023.1170824","article-title":"Premise plumbing bacterial communities in four European cities and their association with Legionella","volume":"2","author":"Scaturro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0034","series-title":"Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials","article-title":"Methods for the enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0035","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2024. Reopening Buildings Guidance."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0036","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2020. Maintaining or restoring water quality in buildings with low or no use."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0037","series-title":"Modern applied statistics with S","author":"Venables","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.03.046","article-title":"Methodological approaches for monitoring opportunistic pathogens in premise plumbing: a review","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0039","series-title":"ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the Tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"JOSS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00240-5","article-title":"Longitudinal characterization of multispecies microbial populations recovered from spaceflight potable water","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ. Biofilms. Microbiomes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150616","article-title":"Recovery of microbiological quality of long-term stagnant tap water in university buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"806","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101564","article-title":"Effects of interspecific interactions on biofilm formation potential and chlorine resistance: evaluation of dual-species biofilm observed in drinking water distribution systems","volume":"38","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Water. Process. Eng."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135425006578?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135425006578?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T09:31:27Z","timestamp":1766655087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135425006578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0043135425006578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Reversing and controlling microbial proliferation in the water system of a high-risk hospital ward after extended closure and reconstruction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123748","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"123748"}}