{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:48:10Z","timestamp":1793710090293,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22136004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22136004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023C03139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023C03139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC3713301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC3713301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3701405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3701405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T10:23:22Z","timestamp":1752575002000},"page":"124206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Inclined multilayer solar evaporator for directional and refined salt crystallization from practical industrial wastewater"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"286","author":[{"given":"Yunxia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1096-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaijie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8196-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2020.114852","article-title":"Amino-functionalized Al-MIL-53 for dimethoate pesticide removal from wastewater and their intermolecular interactions","volume":"327","author":"Abdelhameed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45108-2","article-title":"Sustainable biomimetic solar distillation with edge crystallization for passive salt collection and zero brine discharge","volume":"15","author":"Abdelsalam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15562","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c00494","article-title":"Electrified solar zero liquid discharge: exploring the potential of PV-ZLD in the US","volume":"58","author":"Caceres Gonzalez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0004","article-title":"Emerging materials for interfacial solar-driven water purification","volume":"62","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123146","article-title":"Regulating gypsum scaling-induced wetting in membrane distillation by heterogeneous crystallization: role of filter media","volume":"274","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119274","article-title":"Application of bipolar membrane electrodialysis for simultaneous recovery of high-value acid\/alkali from saline wastewater: an in-depth review","volume":"226","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5347","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE01505B","article-title":"Sustainable off-grid desalination of hypersaline waters using Janus wood evaporators","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2021.115406","article-title":"Robust seawater desalination and sewage purification enabled by the solar-thermal conversion of the Janus-type graphene oxide evaporator","volume":"522","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5405","DOI":"10.1039\/D2EE03341K","article-title":"Ultra salt-resistant solar desalination system via large-scale easy assembly of microstructural units","volume":"15","author":"Dang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202107156","article-title":"Janus fibrous mats based suspended type evaporator for salt resistant solar desalination and salt recovery","volume":"18","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119011","article-title":"Reviewing wood-based solar-driven interfacial evaporators for desalination","volume":"223","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11701","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b03040","article-title":"Synthetic graphene oxide leaf for solar desalination with zero liquid discharge","volume":"51","author":"Finnerty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30555-6","article-title":"Multimodal confined water dynamics in reverse osmosis polyamide membranes","volume":"13","author":"Foglia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0014","article-title":"Mass transfer-enhanced photothermal membranes with synergistic light utilization for high-turbidity wastewater purification","volume":"64","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-025-00391-1","article-title":"Solar evaporation and clean water","volume":"3","author":"Ho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01539a017","article-title":"Preparation of graphitic oxide","volume":"80","author":"Hummers","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17241","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00270","article-title":"Graphene-based metal-organic framework hybrids for applications in catalysis, environmental, and energy technologies","volume":"122","author":"Jayaramulu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.11.011","article-title":"Adsorptive removal of hazardous materials using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): a review","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115770","article-title":"Latest development in salt removal from solar-driven interfacial saline water evaporators: advanced strategies and challenges","volume":"177","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0020","article-title":"Enhanced salinity gradient energy conversion by photodegradable MXene\/TiO2 membrane utilizing saline dye wastewater","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2018.04.004","article-title":"Enhancement of interfacial solar vapor generation by environmental energy","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c00054","article-title":"Understanding interfacial properties for enhanced solar evaporation devices: from geometrical to physical interfaces","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0445-5","article-title":"Enhanced solar evaporation using a photo-thermal umbrella for wastewater management","volume":"3","author":"Menon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-024-00327-1","article-title":"Analysis of energy, water, land and cost implications of zero and minimal liquid discharge desalination technologies","volume":"2","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116064","article-title":"Brackish water desalination using reverse osmosis and capacitive deionization at the water-energy nexus","volume":"183","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116239","article-title":"Decarbonized and circular brine management\/valorization for water & valuable resource recovery via minimal\/zero liquid discharge (MLD\/ZLD) strategies","volume":"324","author":"Panagopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104418","article-title":"Minimal liquid discharge (MLD) and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) strategies for wastewater management and resource recovery \u2013 Analysis, challenges and prospects","volume":"8","author":"Panagopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.9b02611","article-title":"Solar\u2013Thermal water evaporation: a review","volume":"5","author":"Pang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2022.115827","article-title":"Drivers, challenges, and emerging technologies for desalination of high-salinity brines: a critical review","volume":"538","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0030","article-title":"Highly efficient, salt-resistant, and chemically durable solar evaporator for the purification of industrial high-salinity wastewater","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-018-0260-7","article-title":"Solar-driven interfacial evaporation","volume":"3","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2022.116085","article-title":"Interfacial solar evaporation based on Janus films: an effective strategy to improve salt tolerance and antifouling performance","volume":"543","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120060","article-title":"Revisiting scaling of calcium sulfate in membrane distillation: uncertainty of crystal-membrane interactions","volume":"239","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14470","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TA03004G","article-title":"Salt isolation from waste brine enabled by interfacial solar evaporation with zero liquid discharge","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10714","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01638","article-title":"Comparison of energy consumption of osmotically assisted reverse osmosis and low-salt-rejection reverse osmosis for brine management","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118099","article-title":"Towards sustainable saline agriculture: interfacial solar evaporation for simultaneous seawater desalination and saline soil remediation","volume":"212","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0037","article-title":"Cellulose-based interfacial solar evaporators: structural regulation and performance manipulation","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202409257","article-title":"Unlocking zero liquid discharge: a parallel water supply strategy to realize selective salt crystallization for long-term interfacial solar evaporation","volume":"35","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-023-00086-5","article-title":"Going beyond efficiency for solar evaporation","volume":"1","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24373","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TA07153C","article-title":"An integrated solar evaporator with multilevel hierarchy and multifunctional properties for efficient and salt fouling-resistant desalination","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13047","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c03457","article-title":"Optimized water supply in a solar evaporator for simultaneous freshwater production and salt recycle","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-020-00619-w","article-title":"High performance polyester reverse osmosis desalination membrane with chlorine resistance","volume":"4","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202414045","article-title":"Making interfacial solar evaporation of seawater faster than fresh water","volume":"36","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21124-4","article-title":"Designing a next generation solar crystallizer for real seawater brine treatment with zero liquid discharge","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EE03991H","article-title":"Passive, high-efficiency thermally-localized solar desalination","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0046","article-title":"Gradient graphene spiral sponges for efficient solar evaporation and zero liquid discharge desalination with directional salt crystallization","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.12.046","article-title":"Recent progress in solar-driven interfacial water evaporation: advanced designs and applications","volume":"57","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Energy"}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135425011133?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135425011133?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:44:07Z","timestamp":1777463047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135425011133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0043135425011133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inclined multilayer solar evaporator for directional and refined salt crystallization from practical industrial wastewater","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124206","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124206"}}