{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:04:36Z","timestamp":1793199876809,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52327813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52327813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42107130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42107130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52131003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52131003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015809","name":"Ministry of Natural Resources of the People&apos;s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023KJ03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KJ03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T03:14:58Z","timestamp":1756437298000},"page":"124498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Urban streams as hotspots of carbon dioxide and methane diffusive emissions compared to small ponds"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"287","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8123-6717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6061-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingzu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JG001398","article-title":"Physical controls on carbon dioxide transfer velocity and flux in low-gradient river systems and implications for regional carbon budgets","volume":"116","author":"Alin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.12383","article-title":"Aerobic methane synthesis and dynamics in a river water environment","volume":"68","author":"Alowaifeer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5555","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04923","article-title":"Export of dissolved methane and carbon dioxide with effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants","volume":"50","author":"Alshboul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-021-00192-w","article-title":"Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams","volume":"2","author":"Attermeyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"issue":"6013","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1196808","article-title":"Freshwater methane emissions offset the continental carbon sink","volume":"331","author":"Bastviken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-018-3655-3","article-title":"Methanogenic archaea associated to Microcystis sp. in field samples and in culture","volume":"831","author":"Batista","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121257","article-title":"Seasonal and spatial variations of greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4 and N2O) emissions from urban ponds in Brussels","volume":"253","author":"Bauduin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JG001656","article-title":"Diffusive and ebullitive transport of methane and nitrous oxide from streams: are bubble-mediated fluxes important?","volume":"116","author":"Baulch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-016-3007-0","article-title":"The importance of small waterbodies for biodiversity and ecosystem services: implications for policy makers","volume":"793","author":"Biggs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-012-9798-9","article-title":"Measurements of CO2 and CH4 evasion from UK peatland headwater streams","volume":"114","author":"Billett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-16-3801-2019","article-title":"Variations in dissolved greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) in the Congo River network overwhelmingly driven by fluvial-wetland connectivity","volume":"16","author":"Borges","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-00736-3","article-title":"County-level CO2 emissions and sequestration in China during 1997-2017","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7287","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c00114","article-title":"Ebullition controls on CH4 emissions in an urban, eutrophic river: a potential time-scale bias in determining the aquatic CH4 flux","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1998.43.4.0647","article-title":"Atmospheric exchange of carbon dioxide in a low-wind oligotrophic lake measured by the addition of SF","volume":"43","author":"Cole","year":"1998","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-006-9013-8","article-title":"Plumbing the global carbon cycle: integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget","volume":"10","author":"Cole","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4181","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15223","article-title":"Large-scale biogeography and environmental regulation of methanotrophic bacteria across boreal inland waters","volume":"28","author":"Crevecoeur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2003.48.3.1010","article-title":"Gas transfer velocities measured at low wind speed over a lake","volume":"48","author":"Crusius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/2017RG000559","article-title":"Methane feedbacks to the global climate system in a warmer world","volume":"56","author":"Dean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10335","article-title":"Methane ebullition and diffusion from northern ponds and lakes regulated by the interaction between temperature and system productivity","volume":"61","author":"DelSontro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18273","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1411617111","article-title":"Anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification is the dominant methane sink in a deep lake","volume":"111","author":"Deutzmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c05218","article-title":"Quantifying methane emissions from aquaculture ponds in China","volume":"57","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.23818\/limn.29.02","article-title":"Emerging global role of small lakes and ponds: little things mean a lot","volume":"29","author":"Downing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Limnetica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5268\/IW-2.4.502","article-title":"Global abundance and size distribution of streams and rivers","volume":"2","author":"Downing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inland Waters"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2006.51.5.2388","article-title":"The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments","volume":"51","author":"Downing","year":"2006","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.1029334","article-title":"Agricultural land use and pond management influence spatial-temporal variation of CH4 and N2O emission fluxes in ponds in a subtropical agricultural headstream watershed","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0026","series-title":"The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024. Blue Transformation in Action","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-023-01627-w","article-title":"Rising greenhouse gas emissions from the China's aquaculture industry between 2000 and 2020","volume":"21","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Env. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2019.03.002","article-title":"Stable classification with limited sample: transferring a 30-m resolution sample set collected in 2015 to mapping 10-m resolution global land cover in 2017","volume":"64","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153226","article-title":"Unravelling the spatiotemporal variation of CO2 in low order streams: linkages to land use and stream order","volume":"820","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2006.03.019","article-title":"Gas transfer velocities of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical reservoir and its river downstream","volume":"66","author":"Guerin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-020-00584-7","article-title":"Divergent controls on stream greenhouse gas concentrations across a land-use gradient","volume":"24","author":"Herreid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2654","article-title":"Large contribution to inland water CO2 and CH4 emissions from very small ponds","volume":"9","author":"Holgerson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kokic, J., Sahlee, E., Sobek, S., Vachon, D. and Wallin, M.B. 2018. High spatial variability of gas transfer velocity in streams revealed by turbulence measurements. Inland Waters 8(4), 461\u2013473.","DOI":"10.1080\/20442041.2018.1500228"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141247","article-title":"Better assessments of greenhouse gas emissions from global fish ponds needed to adequately evaluate aquaculture footprint","volume":"748","author":"Kosten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GB004941","article-title":"Spatial patterns in CO2 evasion from the global river network","volume":"29","author":"Lauerwald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116738","article-title":"Headwater stream ecosystem: an important source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere","volume":"190","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145045","article-title":"Aerobic methanotrophs in an urban water cycle system: community structure and network interaction pattern","volume":"772","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-021-9939-5","article-title":"Small water bodies in China: spatial distribution and influencing factors","volume":"65","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JG004388","article-title":"Gas transfer velocities evaluated using carbon dioxide as a tracer show high streamflow to be a major driver of total CO2 evasion flux for a headwater stream","volume":"123","author":"McDowell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1899\/04-021.1","article-title":"Stream ecosystem function in urbanizing landscapes","volume":"24","author":"Meyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2009.03.004","article-title":"River-basin planning and management: the social life of a concept","volume":"40","author":"Molle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37861-7","article-title":"Evaluation of the methane paradox in four adjacent pre-alpine lakes across a trophic gradient","volume":"14","author":"Ordonez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4234","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14799","article-title":"Methane emissions from contrasting urban freshwaters: rates, drivers, and a whole-city footprint","volume":"25","author":"Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-021-00823-6","article-title":"Wastewater-boosted biodegradation amplifying seasonal variations of pCO2 in the Mekong-Tonle Sap river system","volume":"155","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114040","article-title":"Streams in the urban landscape","volume":"32","author":"Paul","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5109","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15762","article-title":"Small artificial waterbodies are widespread and persistent emitters of methane and carbon dioxide","volume":"27","author":"Peacock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6454","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34105-y","article-title":"Multiple sources of aerobic methane production in aquatic ecosystems include bacterial photosynthesis","volume":"13","author":"Perez-Coronel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JG003713","article-title":"Riverine CO2 emissions in the Wuding River catchment on the Loess Plateau: environmental controls and dam impoundment impact","volume":"122","author":"Ran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.2307\/1352954","article-title":"Gas exchange in rivers and estuaries: choosing a gas transfer velocity","volume":"24","author":"Raymond","year":"2001","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"issue":"7476","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12760","article-title":"Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters","volume":"503","author":"Raymond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1215\/21573689-1597669","article-title":"Scaling the gas transfer velocity and hydraulic geometry in streams and small rivers","volume":"2","author":"Raymond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2021.617662","article-title":"Identifying drivers behind spatial variability of methane concentrations in East Siberian ponds","volume":"9","author":"Rehder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Earth Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/lol2.10405","article-title":"Stream CO2 emissions are overestimated without consideration of diel water and atmospheric CO2 variability","volume":"9","author":"Reichenpfader","year":"2024","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2023.1006988","article-title":"CO2 and CH4 fluxes from inundated floodplain ponds: role of diel variability and duration of inundation","volume":"11","author":"Rulik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00296","article-title":"Diffusive methane emissions from temperate semi-intensive carp ponds","volume":"11","author":"Rutegwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. Environ. Interact."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9669","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL083937","article-title":"Small ponds in headwater catchments are a dominant influence on regional nutrient and sediment budgets","volume":"46","author":"Schmadel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-14-2831-2017","article-title":"Influence of infrastructure on water quality and greenhouse gas dynamics in urban streams","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-024-01124-4","article-title":"Hourly methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from temperate ponds","volume":"167","author":"So","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1890\/15-1027","article-title":"The ecology of methane in streams and rivers: patterns, controls, and global significance","volume":"86","author":"Stanley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107515","article-title":"Rapid urbanization effects on partial pressure and emission of CO2 in three rivers with different urban intensities","volume":"125","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117624","article-title":"Hot spot of CH4 production and diffusive flux in rivers with high urbanization","volume":"204","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.119615","article-title":"Land use and hydrological factors control concentrations and diffusive fluxes of riverine dissolved carbon dioxide and methane in low-order streams","volume":"231","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.11173","article-title":"Seasonal and diel variation in greenhouse gas emissions from an urban pond and its major drivers","volume":"64","author":"van Bergen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.12003","article-title":"Pond methane dynamics, from microbial communities to ecosystem budget, during summer in Alaska","volume":"67","author":"Vizza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739656","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of greenhouse gas ebullition from temperate freshwater fish ponds","volume":"574","author":"Waldemer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JG003494","article-title":"pCO2 and CO2 fluxes of the metropolitan river network in relation to the urbanization of Chongqing","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"China. J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo."},{"issue":"C5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7373","DOI":"10.1029\/92JC00188","article-title":"Relationship between wind-speed and gas-exchange over the ocean","volume":"97","author":"Wanninkhof","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2022.107995","article-title":"Insights into the farming-season carbon budget of coastal earthen aquaculture ponds in southeastern China","volume":"335","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.128876","article-title":"Contrasting effects of aeration on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from subtropical aquaculture ponds and implications for global warming mitigation","volume":"617","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JG005025","article-title":"Large fine-scale spatiotemporal variations of CH4 diffusive fluxes from shrimp aquaculture ponds affected by organic matter supply and aeration in Southeast China","volume":"124","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JG007675","article-title":"Carbon emissions from Chinese inland waters: current progress and future challenges","volume":"129","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10459","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02344","article-title":"CO2 outgassing from an urbanized river system fueled by wastewater treatment plant effluents","volume":"51","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JG003798","article-title":"Carbon dioxide and methane dynamics in a human-dominated lowland coastal river network (Shanghai, China)","volume":"122","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116624","article-title":"Urban rivers are hotspots of riverine greenhouse gas (N2O, CH4, CO2) emissions in the mixed-landscape Chaohu lake basin","volume":"189","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2022.108110","article-title":"Assessing carbon greenhouse gas emissions from aquaculture in China based on aquaculture system types, species, environmental conditions and management practices","volume":"338","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118385","article-title":"The widespread capability of methylphosphonate utilization in filamentous cyanobacteria and its ecological significance","volume":"217","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-015-9959-7","article-title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and comprehensive greenhouse effect potential of Megalobrama amblycephala culture pond ecosystems in a 3-month growing season","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4273","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-20-4273-2023","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of methane emissions and environmental conditions in a hyper-eutrophic fishpond","volume":"20","author":"Znachor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135425014022?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135425014022?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T21:22:09Z","timestamp":1772832129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135425014022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0043135425014022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Urban streams as hotspots of carbon dioxide and methane diffusive emissions compared to small ponds","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124498","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124498"}}