{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:59:18Z","timestamp":1790805558502,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42277236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42277236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42567033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42567033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018531","name":"Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202202AG050019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202202AG050019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018531","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:20:07Z","timestamp":1790004007000},"page":"126998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PC","title":["Pyrogenic carbon drives abiotic methane formation: Hydroxyl radicals and reductive capacity mediate demethylation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"308","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiusheng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0001","series-title":"WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin","author":"Ak-Bhd","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2017.11.0432","article-title":"Impact of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock on surface charge and functional group chemistry of biochars","volume":"47","author":"Banik","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1747368","article-title":"The relative reaction velocities of isotopic molecules","volume":"17","author":"Bigeleisen","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1063\/1.473393","article-title":"Unraveling the dissociation of dimethyl sulfoxide following absorption at 193 nm","volume":"106","author":"Blank","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0005","series-title":"Active Oxygen in Chemistry","first-page":"280","author":"Blough","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1021\/es5043468","article-title":"Quantification of chemical states, dissociation constants and contents of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of biochars produced at different temperatures","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1021\/j100611a023","article-title":"Methyl radical-methanesulfenate anion pairs formed by dissociative electron capture in gamma-irradiated crystalline dimethyl-d6 sulfoxide at 77 deg.K","volume":"78","author":"Chung","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.5129","article-title":"Guidelines and recommended terms for expression of stable-isotope-ratio and gas-ratio measurement results","volume":"25","author":"Coplen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"7901","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04511-9","article-title":"Methane formation driven by reactive oxygen species across all living organisms","volume":"603","author":"Ernst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.05.036","article-title":"Photogeneration of reactive oxygen species from biochar suspension for diethyl phthalate degradation","volume":"214","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0011","article-title":"Black carbon in the environment: properties and distribution","author":"Goldberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-023-00428-7","article-title":"The biogeochemistry of marine dimethylsulfide","volume":"4","author":"Hopkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2019.104753","article-title":"Pyrolysis-catalytic hydrogenation of cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin and biomass agricultural wastes for synthetic natural gas production","volume":"145","author":"Jaffar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.15.1.1384-1396","article-title":"Correlation between persistent free radicals of biochar and bio-oil yield at different pyrolysis temperatures","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0403-x","article-title":"Global fire emissions buffered by the production of pyrogenic carbon","volume":"12","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00502-7","article-title":"An evolving view on biogeochemical cycling of iron","volume":"19","author":"Kappler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1955","article-title":"Three decades of global methane sources and sinks","volume":"6","author":"Kirschke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5601","DOI":"10.1021\/es500906d","article-title":"Redox properties of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar)","volume":"48","author":"Kl\u00fcpfel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1021\/jp020654p","article-title":"The Fenton reaction. Dependence of the rate on pH","volume":"107","author":"Kremer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"issue":"5371","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5371.1903","article-title":"Black carbon and the carbon cycle","volume":"280","author":"Kuhlbusch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NP00086E","article-title":"S-adenosylmethionine: more than just a methyl donor","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122541","article-title":"Quantifying the contributions of surface area and redox-active moieties to electron exchange capacities of biochar","volume":"394","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134847","article-title":"Preparation and application of magnetic biochar in water treatment: a critical review","volume":"711","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.149","article-title":"Trimethylamine and trimethylamine N-oxide are supplementary energy sources for a marine heterotrophic bacterium: implications for marine carbon and nitrogen cycling","volume":"9","author":"Lidbury","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISMe J."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15821","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c01306","article-title":"Abiotic methane production driven by soil reactive oxygen species","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1021\/jo01016a070","article-title":"The reaction of sodium and potassium with dimethyl sulfoxide. The formation and alkylation of Methanesulfenate1","volume":"30","author":"O'Connor","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8030","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c00304","article-title":"Bond dissociation energy-controlled regioselectivity in hydrofunctionalization","volume":"14","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS. Catal."},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48606","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c07429","article-title":"Thermicity of the decomposition of oxygen functional groups on cellulose-derived chars","volume":"7","author":"Pflieger","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS. Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0029","unstructured":"Randerson, J., Werf, G., Giglio, L., Collatz, G. and Kasibhatla, P. 2006. Global fire Emissions Database."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1996.41.8.1733","article-title":"Organic carbon oxidation and suppression of methane production by microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction in vegetated and unvegetated freshwater wetland sediments","volume":"41","author":"Roden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12985","article-title":"Towards a global assessment of pyrogenic carbon from vegetation fires","volume":"22","author":"Sant\u00edn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-17-1873-2025","article-title":"Global methane Budget 2000\u20132020","volume":"17","author":"Saunois","year":"2025","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6001","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c00946","article-title":"Pyrogenic carbon initiated the generation of hydroxyl radicals from the oxidation of sulfide","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1080\/14693062.2017.1403300","article-title":"Challenges to addressing non-CO2 greenhouse gases in China\u2019s long-term climate strategy","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clim. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0035","series-title":"CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics","author":"Weast","year":"1988"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9427","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02486","article-title":"The fate of p-nitrophenol in goethite-rich and sulfide-containing dynamic anoxic\/oxic environments","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0037","article-title":"Abiotic methane production driven by ubiquitous non-fenton-type reactive oxygen species","volume":"63","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50108-3","article-title":"Methanogenesis in the presence of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria may contribute to global methane cycle","volume":"15","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.05.058","article-title":"Surface properties of activated sludge-derived biochar determine the facilitating effects on Geobacter co-cultures","volume":"142","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13030460","article-title":"Using the conditional process analysis model to characterize the evolution of carbon structure in Taxodium ascendens biochar with varied pyrolysis temperature and holding time","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19793","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c05907","article-title":"Pyrogenic carbon promotes anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled with iron reduction via the redox-cycling mechanism","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9093","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c13468","article-title":"Cold-temperate mountainous freshwater produces methane by algal metabolism","volume":"59","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.9b03452","article-title":"Distinctly different performances of two iron-doped charcoals in catalytic hydrocracking of pine wood hydropyrolysis vapor to methane or upgraded bio-oil","volume":"34","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy & Fuels"}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135426016696?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135426016696?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:13:44Z","timestamp":1790802824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135426016696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0043135426016696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pyrogenic carbon drives abiotic methane formation: Hydroxyl radicals and reductive capacity mediate demethylation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2026.126998","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"126998"}}