{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:24:08Z","timestamp":1786998248359,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to identify the differences between the educational curricula, skill sets, and funds of knowledge required for certification as an Outdoor Emergency Care Technician (OEC-T), Emergency Medical Technician (EMT), and Emergency Medical Responder (EMR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We directly and in detail compared topics and skills presented in the OEC-T curriculum with those presented in the EMT and EMR education and training curricula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The information and skills taught in the OEC-T curriculum are in general more extensive than those taught in EMR training but are not equivalent to EMT. The OEC-T program has more depth in environmental medical issues, such as altitude illness, hyperthermia and hypothermia. Completion of the EMR program is 112 hours shorter and constitutes 30% of the duration of the EMT program. Completion of the OEC-T program (for certification only and not including additional \u201con-hill\u201d patroller training) is 80 hours shorter and is half the duration of the EMT program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OEC-T curriculum includes a skill set and fund of knowledge that exceeds those of the EMR program, but does not include all the knowledge needed for an EMT program. The OEC-T program prepares out-of-hospital providers to care for patients in the wilderness, with special emphasis on snowsports pathology. The EMT program places a greater emphasis on medical disease and emergency medication administration. These differences should be considered when determining staffing requirements for agencies caring for patients with snowsports pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2012.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T11:46:07Z","timestamp":1413373567000},"page":"177-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prehospital Medical Care and the National Ski Patrol: How Does Outdoor Emergency Care Compare to Traditional EMS Training?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Benjamin B.","family":"Constance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford\/Kaiser Emergency Medicine Residency, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Auerbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford\/Kaiser Emergency Medicine Residency, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Johe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elk Regional Health Center, Saint Marys, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-j.wem.2012.01.001","unstructured":"NSP Background and Evolution http:\/\/nsp.org\/about\/background.aspx. Accessed May 11, 2010."},{"key":"bibr2-j.wem.2012.01.001","unstructured":"National EMS Scope of Practice Model Washington, DC: US Dept of Transportation NHTSA, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 2007."},{"key":"bibr3-j.wem.2012.01.001","volume-title":"Outdoor Emergency Care","author":"McNamara E.C.","year":"2011","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr4-j.wem.2012.01.001","unstructured":"National EMS Core Content Washington, DC: US Dept of Transportation NHTSA, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 2004."},{"key":"bibr5-j.wem.2012.01.001","unstructured":"National Emergency Medical Services Education Standards Washington, DC: US Dept of Transportation NHTSA, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 2006."},{"key":"bibr6-j.wem.2012.01.001","unstructured":"Mission and Vision http:\/\/nsp.org\/about\/mission.aspx. Accessed May 11, 2010."},{"key":"bibr7-j.wem.2012.01.001","volume-title":"National Ski Patrol Policies and Procedures 2009\u20132010","author":"National Ski Patrol Board of Directors","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr8-j.wem.2012.01.001","unstructured":"EMT-Basic: National Standard Curriculum Washington, DC: US Dept of Transportation NHTSA, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 1994."},{"key":"bibr9-j.wem.2012.01.001","unstructured":"First Responder: National Standard Curriculum Washington, DC: US Dept of Transportation NHTSA, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 1995."}],"container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1080603212000932?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1080603212000932?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wem.2012.03.002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.wem.2012.03.002","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wem.2012.03.002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:02:30Z","timestamp":1741651350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.wem.2012.03.002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.wem.2012.03.002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wem.2012.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6032","1545-1534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6032","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1534","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}