{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:24:00Z","timestamp":1786998240488,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the rates, patterns, and likelihood of injuries in commercial whitewater rafting on the New and Gauley rivers, West Virginia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standardized injury report forms developed by the West Virginia Whitewater Commission were reviewed for years 2005\u20132010 to provide a statistical account of injuries reported by licensed commercial rafting outfitters operating on the New and Gauley rivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, musculoskeletal injuries (sprains\/strains, 21.1%; dislocations, 13.8%; fractures, 12.2%) comprised the majority (47.4%) of incidents followed by injuries to soft tissue (lacerations, 29.0%; abrasions, 13.3%; contusions, 2.3%). Almost one half (44.3%) of injuries were to the head, neck, and shoulders followed by the lower extremities (foot\/ankle\/leg\/knee\/hip, 33.9%) and upper extremities (hand\/wrist\/arm, 14.3%). Data analyzed using the Somers\u2019 D statistic revealed the likelihood of an injury occurring inside the raft is P = .55, and P = .39 when passengers are ejected from the raft into the river. The most likely injuries to occur to passengers are a laceration ( P = .51) or a sprain ( P = .20). The main probabilities for the risks of injuries were found to be to the head ( P = .24), shoulder ( P = .16), and face ( P = .13) of the passenger.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By knowing what injuries are common, their likelihood of occurrence, and the settings in which they happen, commercial outfitters can initiate practices to reduce injury rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2013.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T10:49:30Z","timestamp":1373971770000},"page":"309-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Injuries in Commercial Whitewater Rafting on the New and Gauley Rivers of West Virginia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Aram","family":"Attarian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Siderelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jwem201304003","unstructured":"2012 Outdoor Recreation Participation Topline Report.\n                      Boulder, CO: The Outdoor Foundation; 2012."},{"key":"bibr2-jwem201304003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004728750003800406"},{"key":"bibr3-jwem201304003","unstructured":"West Virginia Whitewater Reports. Available at: http:\/\/bsc.wvdnr.biz\/WhitewaterReports\/default.aspx. Accessed July 15, 2012."},{"key":"bibr4-jwem201304003","unstructured":"West Virginia Department of Natural Resources. West Virginia Legislative Rule \u00a758-12-11. Available at: http:\/\/www.wvdnr.gov\/LEnforce\/white\/rivermgt\/regs.shtm. Accessed July 15, 2012."},{"key":"bibr5-jwem201304003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1001000303"},{"key":"bibr6-jwem201304003","unstructured":"Brown D. Guided rafting statistics. Available at: http:\/\/www.americanwhitewater.org\/content\/Article\/view\/articleid\/29824\/. Accessed July 15, 2012."},{"key":"bibr7-jwem201304003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/icsp.9.3.193.8710"},{"key":"bibr8-jwem201304003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199901000-00004"},{"key":"bibr9-jwem201304003","unstructured":"2011 Colorado Boating Safety Report. Available at: http:\/\/www.parks.state.co.us\/SiteCollectionImages\/parks\/Programs\/BoatingProgram\/2011%20Colorado%20Boating%20Safety%20Report.pdf. Accessed May 13, 2013."},{"key":"bibr10-jwem201304003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(2002)013[0119:YWIS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"bibr11-jwem201304003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/07-WEME-OR-152.1"},{"key":"bibr12-jwem201304003","first-page":"248","volume":"168","author":"Montalvo R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"bibr13-jwem201304003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2010.08.001"},{"key":"bibr14-jwem201304003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14729670701349624"}],"container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1080603213000951?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1080603213000951?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wem.2013.04.003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.wem.2013.04.003","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wem.2013.04.003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T23:17:41Z","timestamp":1741648661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.wem.2013.04.003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.wem.2013.04.003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wem.2013.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6032","1545-1534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6032","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1534","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}}}