{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T09:12:46Z","timestamp":1773479566249,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","wemjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness & Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,11]],"date-time":"2018-03-11T01:13:53Z","timestamp":1520730833000},"page":"176-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Snakebites Treated in North Carolina Emergency Departments, October 2013\u2013September 2015"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilyn Goss","family":"Haskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney H.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"7618","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/537026a","article-title":"The snakebite fight","volume":"537","author":"Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030150","article-title":"Confronting the neglected problem of snake bite envenoming: The need for a global partnership","volume":"3","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050218","article-title":"The global burden of snakebite: A literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths","volume":"5","author":"Kasturiratne","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra013477","article-title":"Bites of venomous snakes","volume":"347","author":"Gold","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120018268","article-title":"Copperhead envenomations in the Carolinas","volume":"41","author":"Thorson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200407000-00006","article-title":"Reptile envenomation 20-year mortality as reported by US medical examiners","volume":"97","author":"Morgan","year":"2004","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650801968313","article-title":"Deaths from reptile bites in the United States, 1979\u20132004","volume":"47","author":"Langley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(88)80101-X","article-title":"Nonvenomous snakebite","volume":"17","author":"Herman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.12.033","article-title":"Radiological features of non-venomous snakebite hand injury","volume":"68","author":"Aceto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1580\/06-WEME-OR-080R1.1","article-title":"Snakebite injuries treated in United States emergency departments, 2001\u20132004","volume":"18","author":"O\u2019Neil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2004.01.007","article-title":"North American snake envenomation: diagnosis, treatment, and management","volume":"22","author":"Gold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib12","series-title":"A Guide to the Snakes of North Carolina","author":"Dorcas","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib13","series-title":"Reptiles of North Carolina","author":"Palmer","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib14","unstructured":"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007. Crotalus adamanteus. Hammerson GA, assessor. Available at: http:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/details\/64308\/0. Accessed October 4, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib15","series-title":"The UNC Department of Emergency Medicine Carolina Center for Health Informatics Report Overview and Analysis of NC DETECT Emergency Department Visit Data for Injuries: 2010","author":"Harmon","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib16","unstructured":"North Carolina State Government. Emergency Department Data Reporting. Section 10.34(b), Article 22 of Chapter 130A-480 of the North Carolina General Statutes (H1414 SL 2004-124). Available at: http:\/\/www.ncga.state.nc.us\/EnactedLegislation\/Statutes\/rtf\/ByArticle\/Chapter_130A\/Article_22.rtf. Accessed October 4, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib17","series-title":"International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib18","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Bridged-race population estimates, United States July 1st resident population by state, county, age, sex, bridged-race, and Hispanic origin. CDC WONDER Online Database. Available at: http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/bridged-race-v2015.html. Accessed August 22, 2016."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2307\/4592691","article-title":"Incidence of treated snakebites in the United States","volume":"81","author":"Parrish","year":"1966","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib20","series-title":"North Carolina: 2010 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20160491","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0491","article-title":"Childhood victims of snakebites: 2000\u20132013","author":"Schulte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.36.2.251","article-title":"Comparison between snakebites in children and adults","volume":"36","author":"Parrish","year":"1965","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib23","first-page":"515","article-title":"Snake-bites: Appraisal of the global situation","volume":"76","author":"Chippaux","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib24","first-page":"1367","article-title":"Venomous snakebites in the United States: Management review and update","volume":"65","author":"Juckett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib25","series-title":"National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - All Injury Program, 2004","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v5i1.4384","article-title":"Comparing syndromic surveillance and poison center data for snake bites in Missouri","volume":"5","author":"Pugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Online J Public Health Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib27","first-page":"37","article-title":"Rattlesnake bites in southern California and rationale for recommended treatment","volume":"148","author":"Wingert","year":"1988","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.04.015","article-title":"\u201cDry bite\u201d in venomous snakes: a review","volume":"133","author":"Naik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.04.034","article-title":"The efficacy of Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) antivenom versus placebo plus optional rescue therapy on recovery from copperhead snake envenomation: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial","volume":"70","author":"Gerardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.113372","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and use of snake antivenoms in the United States","volume":"37","author":"Dart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.03.021","article-title":"Use of antivenom for snakebites reported to United States poison centers","volume":"28","author":"Spiller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1580\/06-WEME-CO-005R.1","article-title":"Venomous adversaries: a reference to snake identification, field safety, and bite-victim first aid for disaster-response personnel deploying into the hurricane-prone regions of North America","volume":"17","author":"Wozniak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199406000-00001","article-title":"Snake venom poisoning in the United States: A review of therapeutic practice","volume":"87","author":"Gold","year":"1994","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1067\/men.2003.6","article-title":"Snakebite poisoning: Treatment myths and facts (CE)","volume":"29","author":"Gunnels","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2005.03.008","article-title":"Most lay people can correctly identify indigenous venomous snakes","volume":"23","author":"Corbett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Wilderness & Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1080603218300048?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1080603218300048?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T20:21:22Z","timestamp":1741638082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1080603218300048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6032"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6032","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Snakebites Treated in North Carolina Emergency Departments, October 2013\u2013September 2015","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wem.2018.01.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}