{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:17:09Z","timestamp":1790410629935,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p> Understanding patterns of avalanche fatalities can aid prevention and rescue strategies. In 2007, we published a report reviewing avalanche deaths in Utah between the 1989\u20131990 and 2005\u20132006 winter seasons. In the current report, we discuss Utah avalanche fatalities from the 2006\u20132007 to 2017\u20132018 seasons. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Avalanche fatality data were obtained from the Utah Avalanche Center and Utah State Office of the Medical Examiner. Autopsy reports were reviewed to determine demographic information, type of autopsy (external vs internal), injuries, and cause of death. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Thirty-two avalanche deaths occurred in Utah during the study period. The mean (\u00b1SD) age of victims was 32\u00b113 (8\u201354) y. Thirty victims (94%) were male and 2 (6%) were female. Seventy-two percent of deaths were from asphyxiation, 19% from trauma alone, and 9% from a combination of asphyxiation and trauma. Snowmobilers accounted for the largest percentage of avalanche fatalities (15 victims; 47%) during the 2007\u20132018 period. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> Asphyxia continues to be the most prevalent killer in avalanche burial. Patterns of ongoing avalanche deaths continue to suggest that rapid recovery and techniques that prolong survival while buried may decrease fatality rates. Trauma is a significant factor in many avalanche fatalities. Education and technologies focused on reducing traumatic injuries such as improved education in techniques for avalanche risk avoidance and\/or use of avalanche airbags may further decrease fatality rates. Snowmobilers represent an increasing percentage of Utah avalanche deaths and now make up the majority of victims; increased education targeting this demographic in the basics of avalanche rescue gear and avalanche rescue may also reduce fatalities. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2019.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T15:47:00Z","timestamp":1555516020000},"page":"191-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cause of Death in Utah Avalanche Fatalities, 2006\u20132007 through 2017\u20132018 Winter Seasons"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Scott E.","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Brant-Zawadzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan H.","family":"Milliner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik D.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Medical Examiner, Utah Department of Health, Taylorsville, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Nyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Park City Hospital and Heber Valley Hospital, Park City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin K.","family":"Grissom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Tremper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah Avalanche Center, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jwem201902007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/07-WEME-OR-092R1.1"},{"key":"bibr2-jwem201902007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00718625"},{"key":"bibr3-jwem201902007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198912000-00021"},{"key":"bibr4-jwem201902007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(2001)012[0244:ATACHI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"bibr5-jwem201902007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.05.025"},{"key":"bibr6-jwem201902007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/07-WEME-ED-148.1"},{"key":"bibr7-jwem201902007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2006.0815"},{"key":"bibr8-jwem201902007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.04.002"},{"key":"bibr9-jwem201902007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081327"},{"key":"bibr10-jwem201902007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090085"}],"container-title":["Wilderness &amp; 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