{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:09:48Z","timestamp":1773180588315,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Crocodile attack injuries plague communities near bodies of water and continue to be an infrequent but significant form of trauma encountered in our medical facility. Regional anesthesia techniques are a novel adjunct to treatment and may facilitate simplified definitive management and better utilization of constrained operating room resources. We report a case of an adult male who presented with a large lower extremity wound after a crocodile bite. The patient was managed with initial debridement and irrigation and serial wound care entirely under regional anesthesia at the bedside. The patient did not develop wound infection, eventually receiving a skin graft with good functional outcomes. Regional anesthesia techniques are increasingly being used in the trauma setting, and their versatility allows for their use in multiple settings, by practitioners with limited experience and in resource-limited environments. No specific guidelines exist for performance of neuraxial techniques in the setting of animal bite injuries, but concerns about infectious complications have been raised. Regional anesthesia techniques may be useful in the management of extremity trauma due to crocodile attacks without infectious complications. They may reduce utilization of theatre resources and reduce opioid requirements. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2019.06.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]],"date-time":"2019-10-22T12:25:33Z","timestamp":1571747133000},"page":"441-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Case Report of a Bite From the Nile Crocodile (<i>Crocodylus\u00a0niloticus<\/i>) Managed with Regional Anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Dennis","family":"Mazingi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Parirenyatwa Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenesa","family":"Mbanje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Parirenyatwa Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godfrey I.","family":"Muguti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Parirenyatwa Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabastain T.","family":"Chitiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Parirenyatwa Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr5-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.10.028"},{"key":"bibr10-j.wem.2019.06.013","volume-title":"Emergency Medicine: Clinical Essentials","author":"Adams J.","year":"2012","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr15-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(2005)16[143:CAIAAA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"bibr20-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v21i1.10986"},{"key":"bibr25-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-4923.197609"},{"key":"bibr30-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-6-43"},{"key":"bibr35-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05245.x"},{"key":"bibr40-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014734"},{"key":"bibr45-j.wem.2019.06.013","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Crocodiles.\u00a0Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan","author":"Fergusson R.","year":"2010","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr50-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-009-9970-5"},{"key":"bibr55-j.wem.2019.06.013","first-page":"315","volume":"8","author":"Blake D.K.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Rhodesia Sci News"},{"key":"bibr60-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(75)90004-X"},{"key":"bibr65-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-7983-3_14"},{"key":"bibr70-j.wem.2019.06.013","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Advances in the Ecology of Lake Kariba","author":"Games I.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr75-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065295"},{"key":"bibr80-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126778"},{"key":"bibr85-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00041-10"},{"key":"bibr90-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607-551X(09)70542-X"},{"key":"bibr95-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00171.x"},{"key":"bibr100-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.51"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr105-j.wem.2019.06.013","first-page":"89","volume":"8","author":"Ahmadi A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Inj Violence Res"},{"key":"bibr110-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen330"},{"key":"bibr115-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/713281"},{"key":"bibr120-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2018.04.004"},{"key":"bibr125-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001521"},{"key":"bibr130-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.01058"},{"key":"bibr135-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481007600120"},{"key":"bibr140-j.wem.2019.06.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00041-9"}],"container-title":["Wilderness &amp; 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