{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:54:33Z","timestamp":1792580073566,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To provide guidance to clinicians, the Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to develop evidence-based guidelines for the out-of-hospital evaluation and treatment of victims of accidental hypothermia. The guidelines present the main diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and provide recommendations for the management of hypothermic patients. The panel graded the recommendations based on the quality of supporting evidence and a balance between benefits and risks\/burdens according to the criteria published by the American College of Chest Physicians. The guidelines also provide suggested general approaches to the evaluation and treatment of accidental hypothermia that incorporate specific recommendations. This is the 2019 update of the Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for the Out-of-Hospital Evaluation and Treatment of Accidental Hypothermia: 2014 Update.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2019.10.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T09:24:57Z","timestamp":1573809897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for\u00a0the Out-of-Hospital Evaluation and Treatment of Accidental Hypothermia: 2019 Update"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Dow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alaska Regional Hospital Anchorage, Anchorage, AK; National Park Service: Alaska Region, Anchorage, AK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon G.","family":"Giesbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, Departments of Anesthesia and Emergency Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Danzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Brugger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MEDCOM), Bolzano, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily B.","family":"Sagalyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beat","family":"Walpoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Auerbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott E.","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"N\u00e9methy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PeaceHealth Ketchikan Medical Center, Ketchikan, AK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"McDevitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PeaceHealth Ketchikan Medical Center, Ketchikan, AK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Schoene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George W.","family":"Rodway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Hackett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Altitude Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO"},{"name":"Institute for Altitude Medicine, Telluride, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Zafren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MEDCOM), Bolzano, Italy"},{"name":"Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad L.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military &amp; Emergency Medicine Department, F. Edward H\u00e9bert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin K.","family":"Grissom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center and the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Auerbach's Wilderness Medicine","author":"Danzl D.F.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Danzl D.F. Accidental hypothermia. In: Auerbach P.S., Cushing T.A., Harris N.S. eds. Auerbach's Wilderness Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017, 135\u2013162.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2014.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.1.174"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"733","article-title":"Cold stress, near drowning and accidental hypothermia: a review","volume":"71","author":"Giesbrecht G.G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Giesbrecht G.G. Cold stress, near drowning and accidental hypothermia: a review. Aviat Space Environ Med 2000; 71(7), 733\u2013752.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"549","article-title":"Contribution of exercise and shivering to recovery from induced hypothermia (31.2\u00b0C) in one subject","volume":"59","author":"Bristow G.K.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bristow G.K., Giesbrecht G.G. Contribution of exercise and shivering to recovery from induced hypothermia (31.2\u00b0C) in one subject. Aviat Space Environ Med 1988; 59(6), 549\u2013552.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(84)90199-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"206","article-title":"Effect of task complexity on mental performance during immersion hypothermia","volume":"64","author":"Giesbrecht G.G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Giesbrecht G.G., Arnett J.L., Vela E., Bristow G.K. Effect of task complexity on mental performance during immersion hypothermia. Aviat Space Environ Med 1993; 64(3 Pt 1), 206\u2013211.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199107000-00021"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Immersion of distal arms and legs in warm water (AVA rewarming) effectively rewarms mildly hypothermic humans","volume":"70","author":"Vanggaard L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vanggaard L., Eyolfson D., Xu X., Weseen G., Giesbrecht G.G. Immersion of distal arms and legs in warm water (AVA rewarming) effectively rewarms mildly hypothermic humans. Aviat Space Environ Med 1999; 70(11), 1081\u20131088.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)92588-0"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"890","article-title":"The respiratory system in a cold environment","volume":"66","author":"Giesbrecht G.G.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Giesbrecht G.G. The respiratory system in a cold environment. Aviat Space Environ Med 1995; 66(9), 890\u2013902.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152702903321489031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"State of Alaska Cold Injury Guidelines","author":"Zafren K.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zafren K., Giesbrecht G.G. State of Alaska Cold Injury Guidelines. Juneau: State of Alaska, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2014.1008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2026.2001.00172.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0210-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"184","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary bypass for resuscitation of patients with accidental hypothermia and cardiac arrest","volume":"35","author":"Baumgartner F.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baumgartner F.J., Janusz M.T., Jamieson W.R., Winkler T., Burr L.H., Vestrup J.A. Cardiopulmonary bypass for resuscitation of patients with accidental hypothermia and cardiac arrest. Can J Surg 1992; 35(2), 184\u2013187.","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0750-7658(87)80085-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2007.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.27065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2013.1085"},{"issue":"0","key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"495","article-title":"Thermoregulation after injury","volume":"33","author":"Stoner H.B.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Stoner H.B. Thermoregulation after injury. Adv Exp Med Biol 1972; 33(0), 495\u2013499.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0000000000000340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.5.1630"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9572(84)90031-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.5.1635"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"424","article-title":"Inhalation rewarming from hypothermia: an evaluation in -20\u00b0C simulated field conditions","volume":"66","author":"Mekjavic I.B.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mekjavic I.B., Eiken O. Inhalation rewarming from hypothermia: an evaluation in -20\u00b0C simulated field conditions. Aviat Space Environ Med 1995; 66(5), 424\u2013429.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81434-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02886820"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-015-0148-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2010.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000281927.88935.e0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.4.1253"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","first-page":"26P","article-title":"The mechanism of the after-drop following immersion hypothermia in pigs [proceedings]","volume":"272","author":"Golden F.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Golden F.S., Hervey G.R. The mechanism of the after-drop following immersion hypothermia in pigs [proceedings]. J\u00a0Physiol 1977; 272(1), 26P\u201327P.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.4.1535"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","first-page":"1070","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective analysis of air-evacuated hypothermia patients","volume":"59","author":"Fox J.B.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fox J.B., Thomas F., Clemmer T.P., Grossman M. A\u00a0retrospective analysis of air-evacuated hypothermia patients. Aviat Space Environ Med 1988; 59(11 Pt 1), 1070\u20131075.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1992.tb03257.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jrnms-77-139"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"The convective afterdrop component during hypothermic exercise decreases with delayed exercise onset","volume":"69","author":"Giesbrecht G.G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Giesbrecht G.G., Bristow G.K. The convective afterdrop component during hypothermic exercise decreases with delayed exercise onset. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998; 69(1), 17\u201322.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/PR01-05.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198204000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120802471907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6449.881-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00007238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-19-41"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","first-page":"708","article-title":"Thermographic evaluation of relative heat loss areas of man during cold water immersion","volume":"44","author":"Hayward J.S.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hayward J.S., Collis M., Eckerson J.D. Thermographic evaluation of relative heat loss areas of man during cold water immersion. Aerosp Med 1973; 44(7), 708\u2013711.","journal-title":"Aerosp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01241.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X12000210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.4.632"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.6.2373"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","first-page":"378","article-title":"Pre-hospital torso-warming modalities for severe hypothermia: a comparative study using a human model","volume":"7","author":"Hultzer M.V.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hultzer M.V., Xu X., Marrao C., Bristow G., Chochinov A., Giesbrecht G.G. Pre-hospital torso-warming modalities for severe hypothermia: a comparative study using a human model. CJEM 2005; 7(6), 378\u2013386.","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903129908958918"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-19-59"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120902935348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.6.2375"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","article-title":"PW 2321 Human responses to five heated hypothermia enclosure systems in a cold environment","volume":"24","author":"Dutta R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dutta R., Kulkarni K., Gardiner P., Steinman A., Giesbrecht G. PW 2321 Human responses to five heated hypothermia enclosure systems in a cold environment. Injury Prevention 2018; 24 A216.1\u2013A.","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","first-page":"S154","article-title":"Preventing hypothermia: comparison of current devices used by the US Army in an in vitro warmed fluid model","volume":"69","author":"Allen P.B.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allen P.B., Salyer S.W., Dubick M.A., Holcomb J.B., Blackbourne L.H. Preventing hypothermia: comparison of current devices used by the US Army in an in vitro warmed fluid model. J\u00a0Trauma 2010; 69(Suppl 1), S154\u2013S161.","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2006.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182754887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2017.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.5.2084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.11.005"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","first-page":"IV29","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and hypothermia","volume":"74","author":"Steinman A.M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Steinman A.M. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and hypothermia. Circulation 1986; 74(6 Pt 2), IV29\u2013IV32.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Auerbach's Wilderness Medicine","author":"Giesbrecht G.G.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giesbrecht G.G. Immersion into cold water. 7th ed.. In: Auerbach P.S., Cushing T.A., Harris N.S. eds. Auerbach's Wilderness Medicine, Vol 1. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017, 162.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2019.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51766.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70237-8"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","first-page":"803","article-title":"Treatment of mild immersion hypothermia by forced-air warming","volume":"65","author":"Giesbrecht G.G.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Giesbrecht G.G., Schroeder M., Bristow G.K. Treatment of mild immersion hypothermia by forced-air warming. Aviat Space Environ Med 1994; 65(9), 803\u2013808.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.19.5.478"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","first-page":"352","article-title":"[Accidental drowning with extreme hypothermia--rewarming with extracorporeal circulation]","volume":"60","author":"Leitz K.H.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Leitz K.H., Tsilimingas N., Guse H.G., Meier P., Bachmann H.J. [Accidental drowning with extreme hypothermia--rewarming with extracorporeal circulation]. Chirurg 1989; 60(5), 352\u2013355.","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711203372103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2011.1096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)01021-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195802000-00019"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","first-page":"184","article-title":"Degree of hypothermia in aortic arch surgery - optimal temperature for cerebral and spinal protection: deep hypothermia remains the gold standard in the absence of randomized data","volume":"2","author":"Englum B.R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Englum B.R., Andersen N.D., Husain A.M., Mathew J.P., Hughes G.C. Degree of hypothermia in aortic arch surgery - optimal temperature for cerebral and spinal protection: deep hypothermia remains the gold standard in the absence of randomized data. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 2(2), 184\u2013193.","journal-title":"Ann Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)33737-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.08.085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a643bc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.04.029"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","first-page":"112","article-title":"Severe accidental hypothermia: survival after 6 hours 30 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"50","author":"Lexow K.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lexow K. Severe accidental hypothermia: survival after 6 hours 30 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Arctic Med Res 1991; 50(Suppl 6), 112\u2013114.","journal-title":"Arctic Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1719-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(86)80173-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2005.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200105000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(80)80339-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04658.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(00)00254-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2018.0084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659108099651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198710000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(87)80757-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.25.1.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200001000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200605000-00025"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Mild hypothermia alters propofol pharmacokinetics and increases the duration of action of atracurium","volume":"80","author":"Leslie K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Leslie K., Sessler D.I., Bjorksten A.R., Moayeri A. Mild hypothermia alters propofol pharmacokinetics and increases the duration of action of atracurium. Anesth Analg 1995; 80(5), 1007\u20131014.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01229.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2011.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2008.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2005.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200212000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200206000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2003.00017.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(84)80057-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.10.3.187"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(82)80273-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9572(96)00983-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6449.874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198709000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000169726.25189.b1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181a41f6f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2011.113167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2013.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.03.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.08.242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0281-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.05.011"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_134_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"[Severe accidental hypothermia with cardiopulmonary arrest: prolonged resuscitation without extracorporeal circulation]","volume":"122","author":"Roggero E.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Roggero E., Stricker H., Biegger P. [Severe accidental hypothermia with cardiopulmonary arrest: prolonged resuscitation without extracorporeal circulation]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1992; 122(5), 161\u2013164.","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-018-0508-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199603000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)90929-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(01)00713-8"}],"container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1080603219301735?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1080603219301735?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wem.2019.10.002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.wem.2019.10.002","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wem.2019.10.002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:22:49Z","timestamp":1770744169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.wem.2019.10.002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.wem.2019.10.002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wem.2019.10.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6032","1545-1534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6032","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1534","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}}}