{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:20:55Z","timestamp":1786998055375,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007128","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of children with asthma has increased significantly in China. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in outpatient visits of children with asthma, attributed to poor air quality and environmental pollution reported regionally and at our institution. This study aimed to assess the association between air pollution and the number of outpatient visits of children with asthma in Xi\u2019an, the largest city in northwest China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We searched the database of the largest children\u2019s hospital in Xi\u2019an for related information from 2014 to 2018 and then acquired data on air pollution, including the daily average concentrations of fine particles (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), inhalable particles (PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), nitrogen dioxide (NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and sulfur dioxide (SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of that same time period. Time-series generalized additive models were used to analyze the relationships.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results revealed that air pollution was very serious in Xi\u2019an, with elevated average concentrations of PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      from 2015 to 2018. The relative risk of outpatient visits due to asthma associated with PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      pollution rose significantly and reached 1.11 (1.02\u20131.21), 1.25 (1.01\u20131.55), and 1.71 (1.31\u20132.25), respectively, when there was a 10 ug\u00b7m\n                      <jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup>\n                      increase in concentration, during a lag of 21 d.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A high concentration of particulate matter (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was the prominent feature of air pollution in Xi\u2019an. Exposure to air pollutant (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      , SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was positively associated with an increased risk of children\u2019s outpatient visits for asthma in Xi\u2019an.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2020.11.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T01:56:25Z","timestamp":1611885385000},"page":"47-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Impact of Air Pollution on Outpatient Visits of Children with Asthma in Xi\u2019an, China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yaozu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zonghui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaihua","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31147-X"},{"key":"bibr2-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-017-0276-7"},{"key":"bibr3-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30293-X"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr4-j.wem.2020.11.006","first-page":"S11","volume":"5","author":"Toskala E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"bibr5-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00246"},{"key":"bibr6-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000422"},{"key":"bibr7-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-1026OC"},{"key":"bibr8-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1509856"},{"key":"bibr9-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5321-x"},{"key":"bibr10-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138146"},{"key":"bibr11-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.075"},{"key":"bibr12-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5657-4_2"},{"key":"bibr13-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05971-9"},{"key":"bibr14-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174050"},{"key":"bibr15-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.06.029"},{"key":"bibr16-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8575-7"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr17-j.wem.2020.11.006","first-page":"785","volume":"52","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Asthma"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr18-j.wem.2020.11.006","first-page":"13","volume":"9","author":"Reno A.L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Health Insights"},{"key":"bibr19-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.08.040"},{"key":"bibr20-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8921917"},{"key":"bibr21-j.wem.2020.11.006","first-page":"2935163","volume":"2016","author":"Zhang J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"bibr22-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1823OC"},{"key":"bibr23-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.11.012"},{"key":"bibr24-j.wem.2020.11.006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15061114"}],"container-title":["Wilderness &amp; 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