{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T03:45:47Z","timestamp":1772682347132,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p> Sport specialization has been shown to have negative effects on athletes but has not been studied within rock climbing. This study seeks to evaluate the proportion and impact of specialization in pediatric climbers. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Climbers (ages 8\u201318 y) were recruited from throughout the United States to complete a 1-time survey regarding climbing experience, training patterns, and injury history. The main outcome of proportion of climbers suffering an injury was assessed within the last 12 mo and within their entire climbing experience (defined as \u201clifetime\u201d injury). Early specialization was defined as exclusive participation in climbing, with training for &gt;8 mo\u2027y<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>, prior to age 12 y (late specialization if after age 12 y). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Participants (n=111, 14\u00b13 y [mean\u00b1SD], 69 females) were high-level climbers. Fifty-five percent of participants specialized in climbing, and 69% of those specialized early. Hand and ankle injuries occurred most commonly. Seventy-eight percent of late specialized climbers had a lifetime injury. Late specialized climbers were 1.6 times (95% CI: 1.1\u20132.3) more likely than early specialized climbers to have had a lifetime injury and 1.8 times (95% CI: 1.1\u20132.8) more likely to have had an injury in the last 12 mo. No difference in overuse injuries was found between specialization groups. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> Early specialization is common among youth climbers but was not associated with an increase in injuries. Late specialization was associated with a higher likelihood of having had a climbing injury in the last 12 mo and during an entire climbing career. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2022.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T03:50:48Z","timestamp":1650945048000},"page":"179-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Early Sport Specialization and Past Injury in Competitive Youth Rock Climbers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"},{"name":"Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Frisco, Texas"},{"name":"Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel N.","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine, Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Provance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado"},{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Zynda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"K. 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