{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T17:26:49Z","timestamp":1779384409302,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p> Rapid location of avalanche victims by companions using avalanche transceivers is of utmost importance to prevent asphyxiation. The objective was to determine whether electromagnetic interference from heating elements in gloves worn by rescuers or victims can impair the receiving or transmitting function of avalanche beacons. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Commercially available heated gloves from 3 different manufacturers were examined during a simulated search with 3 common brands of avalanche transceivers. Distance to target beacon at first signal detection and accuracy of direction to target, as indicated by the arrow from the direction indicator, were evaluated. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Preliminary tests showed that transmitting and receiving signals are degraded by electromagnetic interference caused by rectangular pulses emitted by activated heating elements. Field tests revealed significantly reduced distances of first signal detection when heated gloves were turned on near receiving avalanche transceivers ( P&lt;0.001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Decreased distance to target beacon ranged between 1.9 m (5%) and 41.5 m (94%) at first detection, depending on the avalanche transceiver used. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> Avalanche transceivers are susceptible to electromagnetic interference from gloves with electric heating elements. We do not recommend using heated gloves when performing a transceiver search for avalanche victims because it can lead to a delay in rescue. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2022.07.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T11:41:06Z","timestamp":1665056466000},"page":"422-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Electromagnetic Interference from Heated Gloves May Compromise Avalanche Transceiver Function"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Willi","family":"Troeger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Austrian Mountain Rescue Service - Tyrol, Telfs, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Isser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Mountain Rescue Service - Tyrol, Telfs, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lengerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Mountain Rescue Service - Tyrol, Telfs, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz J.","family":"Wiedermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Lederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2007.06.002"},{"key":"bibr2-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368021a0"},{"key":"bibr3-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2005.6.72"},{"key":"bibr4-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-232X(03)00082-X"},{"key":"bibr5-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coldregions.2014.12.005"},{"key":"bibr6-j.wem.2022.07.013","unstructured":"Genswein M., Atkins D., Obad J., Grady E., Pich\u00e8 M., Guyn T. et al. Recommendation on how avoid interference issues in companion and organized avalanche rescue. Grenoble\u2013Chamonix Mont-Blanc, France: International Snow Science Workshop, 2013 1402\u20131410."},{"key":"bibr7-j.wem.2022.07.013","unstructured":"Lund T.S. Multiple burial beacon searches with marking functions. Proceedings Whistler 2008. Telus Whistler Conference Centre, Whistler, BC, Canada: International Snow Science Workshop, 2008 40\u201344."},{"key":"bibr8-j.wem.2022.07.013","unstructured":"Barkhausen J. The effect of external interference on avalanche transceiver functionality. Anchorage, AK: Proceedings, 2012 International Snow Science Workshop, 2012 348\u2013352."},{"key":"bibr9-j.wem.2022.07.013","unstructured":"Meister E., Dammert I. The effect of consumer electronics on avalanche transceivers. Banff, Canada: Proceedings, 2014 International Snow Science Workshop, 2014: 2078 83."},{"key":"bibr10-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(2005)16[234:PAATAC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"bibr11-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2014.12.016"},{"key":"bibr12-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.10.020"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr13-j.wem.2022.07.013","first-page":"283","volume":"27","author":"Portell M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"bibr14-j.wem.2022.07.013","volume-title":"The Essential Guide to Doing Your Research Project","author":"O\u2019Leary Z.","year":"2013","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr15-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101435"},{"key":"bibr16-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.06.001"},{"key":"bibr17-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.01.037"},{"key":"bibr18-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.05.030"},{"key":"bibr19-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2016.10.004"},{"key":"bibr20-j.wem.2022.07.013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175877"}],"container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1080603222001442?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1080603222001442?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wem.2022.07.013","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.wem.2022.07.013","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wem.2022.07.013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T06:03:18Z","timestamp":1741672998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.wem.2022.07.013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.wem.2022.07.013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wem.2022.07.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1080-6032","1545-1534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1080-6032","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1534","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}}}