{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:12:06Z","timestamp":1791645126890,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p> Compartment syndrome (CS) is a rare but serious complication after crotalid envenomation in the United States. Few data are available regarding the epidemiology and management of these cases. Significant controversy and misunderstanding over best practices, including measurement of compartment pressures and use of fasciotomy, exist for this syndrome. This study aims to describe presentation and management of suspected CS cases after native snakebite reported to the North American Snakebite Registry (NASBR). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> This is an analysis of snakebite cases reported to the Toxicology Investigators Consortium NASBR between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2021. Cases of native snakebite with documented concern for CS were included. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Over an 8-y period, 22 cases of suspected CS were identified, representing 1% of all cases reported to the NASBR. Fasciotomies were performed in 41% (n=9) of these cases, most commonly to the upper extremity (67%, n=6). In cases of suspected CS, intracompartmental pressures (ICPs) were rarely measured (23%, n=5) and fasciotomies were performed without measurement of ICPs frequently (56%, n=5). In 1 case, ICPs were measured and found to be low (8 mm Hg) and fasciotomy was avoided. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> Measurement of compartment pressures in cases of suspected CS was uncommon in cases reported to the NASBR. Fasciotomy was commonly performed without measurement of compartment pressures. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2023.05.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T20:12:23Z","timestamp":1689711143000},"page":"322-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Compartment Syndrome after Crotalid Envenomation in the United States: A Review of the North American Snakebite Registry from 2013 to 2021 on Behalf of the ToxIC Snakebite Study Group"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Meghan B.","family":"Spyres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ"},{"name":"Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner\u2013University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Maker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ"},{"name":"Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner\u2013University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Aldy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American College of Medical Toxicology, Phoenix, AZ"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Wolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevan E.","family":"Meadors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri\u2012Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Michelle","family":"Ruha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ"},{"name":"Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner\u2013University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-j.wem.2023.05.007","volume-title":"Golfrank\u2019s Toxicologic Emergencies","author":"Ruha A.M.","year":"2019","edition":"11"},{"key":"bibr2-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227X-11-2"},{"key":"bibr3-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000001484"},{"key":"bibr4-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-017-0633-5"},{"key":"bibr5-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(85)80926-4"},{"key":"bibr6-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(80)80149-3"},{"key":"bibr7-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.01.009"},{"key":"bibr8-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.05.004"},{"key":"bibr9-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2018.00577"},{"key":"bibr10-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0185-z"},{"key":"bibr11-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.12.049"},{"key":"bibr12-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2017.1371311"},{"key":"bibr13-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2011.597032"},{"key":"bibr14-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.80"},{"key":"bibr15-j.wem.2023.05.007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.05.025"}],"container-title":["Wilderness &amp; 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