{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:43:39Z","timestamp":1791413019174,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Wilderness &amp; Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p> Exertional heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency necessitating immediate treatment with rapid body cooling. A field-expedient alternative may be tarp-assisted cooling, requiring only water and a tarp. The objective of this study was to compare core temperature (T<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>) cooling rates of tarp-assisted cooling using the limited resources available to a wildland firefighter and the current standard care provided in wilderness settings. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> This cross-over, randomized control trial of 17 healthy individuals consisted of exercise in a 42\u00b11\u00b0C, 32\u00b14% relative humidity environment while wearing wildland firefighter attire, followed by cooling. Body cooling consisted of either pouring 11 L of 25\u00b11\u00b0C water over the torso while lying supine on a tarp configured to hold water close to the individual (Tarp) or dousing the water on the participant followed by lying supine with a light breeze, current standard care in the wilderness (Current Care). Cooling occurred until T<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub> reached 38\u00b0C. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Participants walked until a similar T<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub> was achieved in Tarp (39.59\u00b10.04\u00b0C) and Current Care (39.55\u00b10.22\u00b0C; P=0.36). Core temperature cooling rate was not different between Tarp (0.076\u00b10.042\u00b0C\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and Current Care (0.088\u00b10.046\u00b0C\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; P=0.41). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> In hyperthermic individuals, Tarp did not provide a faster cooling rate compared to the current exertional heat stroke care provided in the wilderness, and both provided a slower cooling rate than that provided by the traditional method of cold water immersion (&gt;0.20\u00b0C\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) to treat exertional heat stroke patients. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2023.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T11:36:40Z","timestamp":1695469000000},"page":"490-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Tarp-Assisted Cooling for Exertional Heat Stroke Treatment in Wildland Firefighting"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Riana R.","family":"Pryor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara","family":"Haboian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triniti","family":"Fitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn J.","family":"Stooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.03.006"},{"key":"bibr2-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2014.12.010"},{"key":"bibr3-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2011.01.008"},{"key":"bibr4-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WF02025"},{"key":"bibr5-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WF9970119"},{"key":"bibr6-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00301.2010"},{"key":"bibr7-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31802fa199"},{"key":"bibr8-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.9.07"},{"key":"bibr9-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2018.10.004"},{"key":"bibr10-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000409"},{"key":"bibr11-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.1.84"},{"key":"bibr12-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2016.08.428"},{"key":"bibr13-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.12.07"},{"key":"bibr14-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103700"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr15-j.wem.2023.08.002","first-page":"197","volume":"9","author":"Jackson A.S.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"bibr16-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200206000-00023"},{"key":"bibr17-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-011-0661-4"},{"key":"bibr18-j.wem.2023.08.002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2012.09.058"},{"key":"bibr19-j.wem.2023.08.002","unstructured":"Jacklitsch B., Williams W., Musolin K., Coca A., Kim J.H., Turner N., US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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