{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:32:19Z","timestamp":1787895139770,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Women's Health Issues"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]],"date-time":"2012-07-03T11:19:34Z","timestamp":1341314374000},"page":"e303-e310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["College Graduation Reduces Vulnerability to STIs\/HIV among African-American Young Adult Women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Julia E.","family":"Painter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina M.","family":"Wingood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph J.","family":"DiClemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara M.","family":"DePadilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaShun","family":"Simpson-Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200211000-00016","article-title":"Contextual factors and the black-white disparity in heterosexual HIV transmission. [Review]","volume":"13","author":"Adimora","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1086\/425280","article-title":"Social context, sexual networks, and racial disparities in rates of sexually transmitted infections. [Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S. Review]","volume":"191","author":"Adimora","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Infect Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.06.020","article-title":"Ending the epidemic of heterosexual HIV transmission among African Americans. [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural]","volume":"37","author":"Adimora","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2307\/2135959","article-title":"Condom use for disease prevention among unmarried US women","volume":"28","author":"Anderson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Family Planning Perspectives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.02.035","article-title":"Is education the link between orphanhood and HIV\/HSV-2 risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe?","volume":"68","author":"Birdthistle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social Sciences & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2007a). CDC fact sheet: Chlamydia. Retrieved May 28, 2010, from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2007b). CDC fact sheet: Gonorrhea Retrieved May 28, 2010, from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2008). Cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and dependent areas, 2006. HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Report Vol. 18. Retrieved July 1, 2010, from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib10","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2009a). HIV\/AIDS surveillance reports, 2007. Retrieved May 28, 2010 from"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib11","series-title":"Sexually transmitted disease surveillance, 2008","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib12","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2010). Nationally notifiable infectious conditions. Retrieved May 28, 2010, from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib13","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Characteristics associated with HIV infection among heterosexuals in urban areas with high AIDS prevalence: 24 cities, United States, 2006-2007","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.139519","article-title":"The efficacy of HIV\/STI behavioral interventions for African American females in the United States: a meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Crepaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.022590","article-title":"The protective value of school enrolment against sexually transmitted disease: a study of high-risk African American adolescent females","volume":"83","author":"Crosby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022871","article-title":"Condom use among young women: modeling the theory of gender and power. [Research support, N.I.H., Extramural]","volume":"30","author":"DePadilla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30594-4","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences among people with AIDS: results from a multistate surveillance project","volume":"10","author":"Diaz","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530160023028","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of an HIV sexual risk-reduction intervention for young African-American women. [Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t]","volume":"274","author":"DiClemente","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200201000-00004","article-title":"Sexual risk behaviors associated with having older sex partners: A study of black adolescent females","volume":"29","author":"DiClemente","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.2.171","article-title":"Efficacy of an HIV prevention intervention for African American adolescent girls: A randomized controlled trial. [Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S.]","volume":"292","author":"DiClemente","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.205","volume":"163","author":"DiClemente","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib22","unstructured":"Freudenberg, N., & Ruglis, J. (2007). Reframing school dropout as a public health issue. Preventing Chronic Disease, 4. Retrieved June 20, 2010, from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f2aac3","article-title":"Systematic review exploring time trends in the association between educational attainment and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"22","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328336672e","article-title":"Changes in HIV prevalence among differently educated groups in Tanzania between 2003 and 2007","volume":"24","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120600872075","article-title":"Association of educational attainment with HIV risk in African American active injection drug users","volume":"19","author":"Hasnain","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.03.016","article-title":"The available pool of sex partners and risk for a current bacterial sexually transmitted infection","volume":"20","author":"Jennings","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1086\/651483","article-title":"Preventing HIV Infection in women: A global health imperative","volume":"50","author":"Karim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-310","article-title":"Effects of neighbourhood-level educational attainment on HIV prevalence among young women in Zambia","volume":"9","author":"Kayeyi","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327795jra0802_2","article-title":"The influence of high school dropout and school disengagement on the risk of school-age pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"Manlove","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"issue":"RR-2","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"56","author":"Markowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Recommended Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2307\/2135958","article-title":"The effects of contraceptive education on method use at first intercourse","volume":"28","author":"Mauldon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Family Planning Perspectives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2005.14.852","article-title":"Educational attainment but not literacy is associated with HIV risk behavior among incarcerated women","volume":"14","author":"Paasche-Orlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Womens Health (Larchmont)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn131","article-title":"Keep them in school: The importance of education as a protective factor against HIV infection among young South African women","volume":"37","author":"Pettifor","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2005.04.004","article-title":"The epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Risser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558403258860","article-title":"Relationships between future orientation, impulsive sensation seeking, and risk behavior among adjudicated adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Robbins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.2307\/2096319","article-title":"The links between education and health","volume":"60","author":"Ross","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyn006","article-title":"Validation of the worry about sexual outcomes scale for use in STI\/HIV prevention interventions for adolescent females","volume":"24","author":"Sales","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Education and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1071\/SH10107","article-title":"Differences between African-American adolescent females with and without human papillomavirus infection. [Letter Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural]","volume":"8","author":"Seth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sexual Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2009.06.001","article-title":"Exposure to high-risk genital human papillomavirus and its association with risky sexual practices and laboratory-confirmed chlamydia among African-American women","volume":"19","author":"Seth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.129858","article-title":"Structural and environmental barriers to condom use negotiation with clients among female sex workers: implications for HIV-prevention strategies and policy","volume":"99","author":"Shannon","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199205000-00013","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of condom use among patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic","volume":"19","author":"Upchurch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1363\/3600604","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000","volume":"36","author":"Weinstock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perspectives on Sexual and uctiveReprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021830023545","article-title":"Partner influences and gender-related factors associated with noncondom use among young adult African American women","volume":"26","author":"Wingood","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001_bib45","series-title":"Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research","article-title":"The theory of gender and power: A social structural theory for guiding public health interventions","author":"Wingood","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Women's Health Issues"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1049386712000205?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1049386712000205?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,30]],"date-time":"2019-06-30T09:58:59Z","timestamp":1561888739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1049386712000205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049386712000205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.whi.2012.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-3867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-3867","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}