{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:54:15Z","timestamp":1790067255778,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","whijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Women's Health Issues"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T09:59:52Z","timestamp":1553767192000},"page":"424-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Women Firefighters\u2019 Health and Well-Being: An International Survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-2148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Jahnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700190403","article-title":"Reproductive hazards of fire fighting 1. Non-chemical hazards","volume":"19","author":"Agnew","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-016-0046-z","article-title":"Musculoskeletal lower limb injury risk in army populations","volume":"2","author":"Andersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Medicine \u2013 Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7251.1708","article-title":"Maternal age and fetal loss: Population based register linkage study","volume":"320","author":"Andersen","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2018.1493907","article-title":"Occupational cooling practices of emergency first responders in the United States: A survey","volume":"5","author":"Bach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0408-2","article-title":"Rescuers at risk: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the worldwide current prevalence and correlates of PTSD in rescue workers","volume":"47","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.10.014","article-title":"PTSD symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among firefighters","volume":"84","author":"Boffa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib7","first-page":"25","article-title":"Crushed ice ingestion\u2014A practical strategy for lowering core body temperature","volume":"20","author":"Brearley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Military and Veterans\u2019 Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib8","series-title":"World fire statistics. International Association of Fire and Rescue Services","author":"Brushlinsky","year":"2017"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.9.07","article-title":"National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association Position Statement: Exertional heat illnesses","volume":"50","author":"Casa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib10","first-page":"1229","article-title":"Current depression among adults \u2014 United States, 2006 and 2008","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2010","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434010-00002","article-title":"Heat Illness in Athletes: The dangerous combination of heat, humidity and exercise","volume":"34","author":"Coris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2002.10609033","article-title":"Physical fitness and cardiac risk factors of professional firefighters across the career span","volume":"73","author":"Davis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1370","article-title":"Acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in disaster or rescue workers","volume":"161","author":"Fullerton","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqs162","article-title":"Alcohol use among firefighters in the Central United States","volume":"62","author":"Haddock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2017.07.003","article-title":"Alcohol use and problem drinking among women firefighters","volume":"27","author":"Haddock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2017.1355072","article-title":"Thermal response to firefighting activities in residential structure fires: Impact of job assignment and suppression tactic","volume":"61","author":"Horn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2012-040662","article-title":"Injury among a population based sample of career firefighters in the central USA","volume":"19","author":"Jahnke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury prevention"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20436","article-title":"Obesity and incident injury among career firefighters in the central United States","volume":"21","author":"Jahnke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-12-39","article-title":"The health of women in the US fire service","volume":"12","author":"Jahnke","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-2468-3","article-title":"Maternal and child health among female firefighters in the U.S","volume":"22","author":"Jahnke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20549","article-title":"Cancer Incidence Among Male Massachusetts Firefighters, 1987\u20132003","volume":"335","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib49","article-title":"Relationship between occupational stress and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Korean male firefighters","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of occupational and environmental medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqx123","article-title":"The effect of age on fitness among female firefighters","volume":"67","author":"Kirlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0585-7","article-title":"Lifetime traumatic experiences and their impact on PTSD: A general population study","volume":"48","author":"Lukaschek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-014-0968-z","article-title":"Sleep disturbances predict long-term changes in low back pain among Finnish firefighters: 13-year follow-up study","volume":"88","author":"Lusa","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232100-00001","article-title":"Physiological responses to the menstrual cycle: Implications for the development of heat illness in female athletes","volume":"32","author":"Marsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.078","article-title":"Correlates of suicidality in firefighter\/EMS personnel","volume":"208","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700190404","article-title":"Reproductive hazards of fire fighting. 2. Chemical hazards","volume":"19","author":"McDiarmid","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.1071","article-title":"Respiratory function in active firefighters","volume":"40","author":"Mustajbegovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3138\/jmvfh.2017-0002","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of musculoskeletal disorders in firefighters are influenced by age and length of service","volume":"3","author":"Negm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib28","first-page":"1375","article-title":"Risk factors for miscarriage from a prevention perspective: A nationwide follow-up study","volume":"121","author":"Nilsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal de Gynecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de La Reproduction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0762-3","article-title":"Determinants of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, in the general population","volume":"49","author":"Perrin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-805","article-title":"An examination of the benefits of health promotion programs for the national fire service","volume":"13","author":"Poston","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101803","article-title":"Cancer incidence among firefighters: 45 years of follow-up in five Nordic countries","volume":"71","author":"Pukkala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20669","article-title":"Prevalence and risk of asthma symptoms among firefighters in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil: A population-based study","volume":"52","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e937","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00539","article-title":"A Comparison of deployed occupational tasks performed by different types of military battalions and resulting low back pain","volume":"178","author":"Roy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib34","first-page":"97","article-title":"A qualitative study on the experiences of female firefighters","volume":"45","author":"Sinden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi097","article-title":"Influence of paternal age on the risk of spontaneous abortion","volume":"161","author":"Slama","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701676005","article-title":"What do we know about ageing at work? Evidence-based fitness for duty and health in fire fighters","volume":"50","author":"Sluiter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2017.06.003","article-title":"Examining anxiety sensitivity as a mediator of the association between PTSD symptoms and suicide risk among women firefighters","volume":"50","author":"Stanley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20616-6","article-title":"Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and elevated cancer incidence in firefighters","volume":"8","author":"Stec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108322436","article-title":"Environmental exposures and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A review of the science","volume":"15","author":"Stillerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk of cancer among fire fighters in California , 1988\u20132007","volume":"729","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.06.006","article-title":"Ankle restrictive firefighting boots alter the lumbar biomechanics during landing tasks","volume":"65","author":"Vu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.887790","article-title":"The ageing Australian firefighter: An argument for age-based recruitment and fitness standards for urban fire services","volume":"57","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13728-016-0049-x","article-title":"Chronic occupational exposures can influence the rate of PTSD and depressive disorders in first responders and military personnel","volume":"5","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Extreme Physiology & Medicine"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fire service instructors \u2019 working practices: A UK survey","volume":"0","author":"Watkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2018.01.011","article-title":"Practical pre-cooling methods for occupational heat exposure","volume":"70","author":"Watkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Applied Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2016.04.008","article-title":"Physiological and psychological responses in fire instructors to heat exposures","volume":"58","author":"Watt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Thermal Biology"},{"issue":"9794","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60989-6","article-title":"Early assessment of cancer outcomes in New York City firefighters after the 9\/11 attacks: An observational cohort study","volume":"378","author":"Zeig-Owens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Women's Health Issues"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1049386718305619?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1049386718305619?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T04:33:38Z","timestamp":1760934818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1049386718305619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049386718305619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-3867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-3867","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Women Firefighters\u2019 Health and Well-Being: An International Survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Women's Health Issues","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}