{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T01:26:31Z","timestamp":1794273991531,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","whijournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Women's Health Issues"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:34:41Z","timestamp":1773664481000},"page":"212-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Variation in Perinatal Toxicology Testing and Consent Practices Among United States Birthing Hospitals: Results From a National Survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1274-7577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah N.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0709-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Caiazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0314-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aria","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1787-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina N.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0934-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leela","family":"Sarathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara H.","family":"Chaiyachati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishka","family":"Terplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6435-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davida M.","family":"Schiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002229","article-title":"Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy. Committee Opinion No. 711 Summary","volume":"130","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib3","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib4","first-page":"72","article-title":"Drug testing practices and policies of labor and delivery units across the Southeastern United States","volume":"52","author":"Byrd","year":"2023","journal-title":"JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2023.01.012","article-title":"Disparities in maternal-infant drug testing, social work assessment, and custody at 5 hospitals","volume":"23","author":"Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Academic Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.022","volume":"221","author":"Ecker","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib10","series-title":"States, hospital systems try less punitive drug testing of pregnant women and newborns","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib11","series-title":"New policies for urine drug testing in pregnancy [Conference Presentation]. Massachusetts Perinatal Neonatal Quality Improvement Network Fall Summit, Norwood Massachusetts, December, 2023","author":"Holland","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.019","article-title":"Black-white differences in severe maternal morbidity and site of care","volume":"214","author":"Howell","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MACI.0000037647.78420.e3","article-title":"Improving screening for alcohol use during pregnancy: The Massachusetts ASAP program","volume":"8","author":"Kennedy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.6.607","article-title":"Validity of the CRAFFT substance abuse screening test among adolescent clinic patients","volume":"156","author":"Knight","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0542-3","article-title":"Obstetrician\u2013gynecologists\u2019 practices and attitudes on substance use screening during pregnancy","volume":"40","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2022.100621","article-title":"Informed consent is poorly documented when obtaining toxicology testing at delivery in a Massachusetts cohort","volume":"4","author":"Koenigs","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.01.042","article-title":"Planning for safe care or widening the net? A review and analysis of 51 states\u2019 CAPTA policies addressing substance-exposed infants","volume":"99","author":"Lloyd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12591","article-title":"Development and implementation of state and federal child welfare laws related to drug use in pregnancy","volume":"100","author":"McCourt","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Milbank Quarterly"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2014.916375","article-title":"Screening, testing, and reporting for drug and alcohol use on labor and delivery: A survey of Maryland birthing hospitals","volume":"53","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Work in Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005385","article-title":"Racial inequities in drug tests ordered by clinicians for pregnant people who disclose prenatal substance use","volume":"142","author":"Olaniyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-029074","article-title":"Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome","volume":"146","author":"Patrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100453","article-title":"Racial differences in indications for obstetric toxicology testing, and relationship of indications to test results","volume":"4","author":"Perlman","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.168","article-title":"Does adopting a prenatal substance use protocol reduce racial disparities in CPS reporting related to maternal drug use? A California case study","volume":"35","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib30","series-title":"Toxicology screening practices for perinatal substance use among New York State birthing hospitals","author":"Roy","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.2058","article-title":"Incidence of newborn drug testing and variations by birthing parent race and ethnicity before and after recreational cannabis legalization","volume":"6","author":"Schoneich","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100963","article-title":"Assessing the clinical utility of toxicology testing in the peripartum period","volume":"5","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005631","article-title":"Racial disparities in newborn drug testing after implementation of question-based screening for prenatal substance use","volume":"144","author":"Soos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004884","article-title":"Test or talk: Empiric bias and epistemic injustice","volume":"140","author":"Terplan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-16153","article-title":"Newborn drug testing practices in Iowa birthing hospitals","volume":"10","author":"Wood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181ed8290","article-title":"Screening for prenatal substance use: Development of the Substance Use Risk Profile-Pregnancy scale","volume":"116","author":"Yonkers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","article-title":"A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data","volume":"159","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Women's Health Issues"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1049386726000356?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1049386726000356?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:05:45Z","timestamp":1785906345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1049386726000356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1049386726000356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-3867"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-3867","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Variation in Perinatal Toxicology Testing and Consent Practices Among United States Birthing Hospitals: Results From a National Survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Women's Health Issues","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.whi.2026.02.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Jacobs Institute of Women's Health, George Washington University. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}