{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:10:38Z","timestamp":1787069438413,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign and uncommon tumor of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with a tendency for recurrence and even malignant transformation. Though the morphology and clinical behavior of this lesion has been well described, its etiology remains controversial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Computerized searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar through May 2015. In this review, etiologic factors including human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV), cell cycle related proteins and angiogenic factors, occupational and environmental exposures, and chronic inflammation, will be discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many studies indicate that HPV has been detected in a significant percentage of IP, while EBV has not been shown to be significantly associated. Certain cell cycle regulatory factors and angiogenic proteins contribute to the dysregulation of proliferation and apoptosis, and facilitate migration and tumor invasion. Occupational exposures, such as welding and organic solvents, have been implicated, and smoking seems more critical to recurrence and dysplasia rather than initial IP occurrence. Chronic inflammation may also have a causative relationship with inverted papilloma, but the mechanism is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Though etiology of sinonasal IP remains controversial, the studies reviewed here indicate a role for viral infection, cell cycle and angiogenic factors, environmental and occupational exposure, and chronic inflammation. Further study on etiologic factors is necessary for clinical guidance and therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2016.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,22]],"date-time":"2016-12-22T06:31:25Z","timestamp":1482388285000},"page":"54-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Etiology of sinonasal inverted papilloma: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ming\u2010Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia E.","family":"Noel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery Stanford University Medical Center Stanford CA 94305 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21524"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.3980"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21293"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24929"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930415)71:8<2689::AID-CNCR2820710843>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2012.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240401800201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199209000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"406","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus in sinonasal papillomas: a study using polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization","volume":"5","author":"McLachlin C.M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000168091.50584.b4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131008901002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.3093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065898780182499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215011908955"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-011-1139-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(98)00058-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200106000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989870307-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2005.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016480802620647"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215110000599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21772"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199703)19:2<98::AID-HED3>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489609137921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2010.24.3510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101384"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002221502760237984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240201600204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2012.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2012.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase\u20102 and \u20109 expression in sinonasal inverted papilloma","volume":"44","author":"Papon J.F.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rhinology"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - 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