{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:23:34Z","timestamp":1786998214298,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R01 HL133006\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R01 HL133006\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P30DK072482\u201004, CF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P30DK072482\u201004, CF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Amphotericin B (AMB), a potent antifungal agent, has been employed as topical and systemic therapy for sinonasal fungal infections. A novel formulation of nanodisc (ND) containing super aggregated AMB (ND\u2010AMB) for the treatment of fungal infections has been recently developed to provide greater protection from AMB toxicity than current, clinically approved lipid\u2010based formulations. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the safety and potency of ND\u2010AMB for sinonasal delivery using an\n                      <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Human sinonasal tissue was harvested during endoscopic sinus surgery and grown at air\u2013liquid interface until well\u2010differentiated. Cultures were exposed to ND\u2010AMB vs AMB and changes in K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      permeability and resistance were measured and recorded via Ussing chamber assay. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was analyzed in parallel as well as cytotoxic assay. Potency was assessed using real\u2010time PCR measurement of the\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      18S rRNA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ussing chamber studies revealed K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      currents that increased rapidly within 30\u00a0s of adding AMB (10\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) to the apical side, indicating apical membranes had become permeable to K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ions. In contrast, negligible induction of K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      current was obtained following addition of ND\u2010AMB [AMB\u00a0=\u00a0(107.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.9)\u00a0\u03bcA\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      AMB vs ND\u2010AMB\u00a0=\u00a0(2.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7) \u03bcA\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ND\u2010AMB;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005]. ND\u2010AMB also protected nasal epithelial cells from cytotoxicity of AMB (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). There was no difference in ciliary beat frequency between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.96). The expression of\n                      <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      18S rRNA with exposure of lower dose of ND\u2010AMB was significantly lower compared to that with AMB (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from the present study suggests ND\u2010AMB protects human nasal epithelia membranes from AMB toxicity by protecting against apical cell K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      permeability while maintaining uncompromised antifungal property compared to AMB. ND\u2010AMB could provide a novel topical therapy for sinonasal fungal diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2017.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]],"date-time":"2017-03-07T11:48:24Z","timestamp":1488887304000},"page":"2-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Protective and antifungal properties of Nanodisk\u2010Amphotericin B over commercially available Amphotericin B"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Do\u2010Yeon","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"},{"name":"Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle J.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gobind S.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong\u2010Jin","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"Mackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine Pediatrics, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford A.","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"},{"name":"Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802314809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3410\/M3-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-013-0069-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01137-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.07.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"4733","article-title":"NanoDisk containing super aggregated amphotericin B: a high therapeutic index antifungal formulation with enhanced potency","volume":"8","author":"Burgess B.L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J 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