{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:14:51Z","timestamp":1791303291523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine if anatomic dimensions of airway structures are associated with airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010eight subjects with (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a014) and without (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a014) OSA as determined by clinical symptoms and sleep studies; volunteer sample. Skeletal and soft tissue dimensions were measured from radiocephalometry and magnetic resonance imaging. The soft palate thickness, mandibular plane\u2010hyoid (MP\u2010H) distance, posterior airway space (PAS) diameters and area, and tongue volume were calculated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to controls, the OSA group demonstrated a significantly longer MP\u2010H distance (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.009) and shorter nasal PAS diameter (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02). The PAS area was smaller (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002) and tongue volume larger in the OSA group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004). The MP\u2010H distance, PAS measurements, and tongue volume are of clinical relevance in OSA patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A long MP\u2010H distance, and small PAS diameters and area are significant anatomic measures in OSA; however the most substantial parameter found was a large tongue volume.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2017.05.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T00:30:30Z","timestamp":1498091430000},"page":"85-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Anatomic measures of upper airway structures in obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jose E.","family":"Barrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Surgery Department of Otolaryngology Stanford University USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candace Y.","family":"Pau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Surgery Department of Otolaryngology Stanford University USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique\u2010Isabelle","family":"Forest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Surgery Department of Otolaryngology Stanford University USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Holbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Surgery Department of Otolaryngology Stanford University USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald R.","family":"Popelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Surgery Department of Otolaryngology Stanford University USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/6.4.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198802000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200203000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2000.109367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200603000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70101-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2271020198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"2624","article-title":"Evaluation of the upper airway cross\u2010sectional area changes in different degrees of severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: cephalometric and dynamic CT study","volume":"26","author":"Yucel A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"A simplified method of taking radiographs for cephalometric analysis","volume":"28","author":"Bean J.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Oral Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198903001-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"835","article-title":"An instrument to measure functional status outcomes for disorders of excessive sleepiness","volume":"20","author":"Weaver T.E.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100108746"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"373","article-title":"3\u2010D imaging of the upper airway in sleep apnea","volume":"139","author":"Hoffman E.A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-69-827-1000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17100790"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.13b30.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jcms.2000.0147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(97)70121-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(00)70169-7"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - 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