{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T19:58:02Z","timestamp":1769975882284,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the accuracy of transoral flexible laryngoscope (TFL) biopsy and also to identify the safety as office based procedure in terms of complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a diagnostic study; the type of intervention is outpatient department based biopsy of laryngeal lesions. All patients seen in ENT outpatient department of Lyari General Hospital with suspicious lesions of Larynx were referred for Transoral Flexible Laryngoscopy Biopsy under local anesthesia. The specimens were sent for histopathology. The patients with benign pathology or carcinoma in situ were referred for direct laryngoscopy and biopsy. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated and the frequencies of complications were monitored to determine the complication rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the course of study a total of 47 patients underwent TFL biopsy in office settings. Out of these patients 16 patients were referred for direct laryngoscopy biopsy. The study population included 32 men and 15 women with ages ranging from 28 to 52 years and mean of (39\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06) years. Among 43 patients squamous cell carcinoma was the final diagnosis in 31 patients. In the rest of 12 patients\u2019 dysplasia and benign lesion was the diagnosis in 9 and 3 patients respectively. These 12 patients underwent direct laryngoscopy biopsy and 10 of them diagnosed with invasive carcinoma rest had benign lesions. Hence the specificity was 75.6% and sensitivity was 100%. None of the patients developed any serious complication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients with a suspicious lesion diagnosed by TFL biopsy as being benign or carcinoma in situ should have direct laryngoscopy for verification of the findings. But the results positive for carcinoma are reliable. In addition, this is a safe procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,17]],"date-time":"2018-11-17T13:20:56Z","timestamp":1542460856000},"page":"30-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Transoral flexible laryngoscope biopsy: Safety and accuracy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nabeel Humayun","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Head &amp; Neck Surgery Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College &amp; Lyari General Hospital Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahila","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Dow University of Health Sciences Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Head &amp; Neck Surgery Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College &amp; Lyari General Hospital Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Nawaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Head &amp; Neck Surgery Liaquat National Medical College &amp; Hospital Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Hirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Head &amp; Neck Surgery Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College &amp; Lyari General Hospital Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.48.2.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5540841102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940010900207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2005.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Light conductor, an invention for examining internal parts and diseases, together with illustrations","volume":"24","author":"Philipp Bozzini","year":"1806","journal-title":"Journal der practischen Arzneykunde und Wundarzneykunst (in German)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200212000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2005.01103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-010-0208-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(86)80020-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(11)80048-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489709124027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1999.00581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(02)00186-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2008.03111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"140","volume-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Pathology & Genetics of Head and Neck Tumours","author":"Gale N.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25007"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095881117300987?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095881117300987?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.09.003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.09.003","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.09.003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T12:43:12Z","timestamp":1693140192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.09.003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.09.003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.09.003","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-8811","2589-1081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-8811","type":"print"},{"value":"2589-1081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Transoral flexible laryngoscope biopsy: Safety and accuracy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Chinese Medical Association. 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