{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T12:43:43Z","timestamp":1755693823510},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,22]],"date-time":"2020-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review indications and techniques for the endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), analyze postoperative outcomes, and discuss important technical considerations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients undergoing endonasal endoscopic approaches to the CVJ from May 2007 to June 2017. Demographic information, presenting symptoms, imaging results, treatment course, postoperative functional status, and follow\u2010up were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a total of 30 patients in this series, with a mean follow\u2010up of 11.7\u00a0months. The average age was 33.6 years (range, 5\u201375 years), with 18 females and 12 males. The majority of patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a022, 73.3%) had Chiari malformation type 1 with basilar invagination and symptomatic cervicomedullary compression as the indication for surgery. Intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) was noted in 3 cases of odontoid resection and a single case of skull base resection. There were no postoperative CSF leaks. Overall, 81% of patients resumed regular diet by post\u2010operative day 2 (range, 0\u20138\u00a0days). Severe postoperative dysphagia occurred in two cases with one requiring gastrostomy tube placement and another utilizing total parenteral nutrition for support prior to eventual gastrostomy. On average, patients were extubated by postoperative day 0.93 (range 0\u20133\u00a0days), with 85% extubated by postoperative day 1. A tracheotomy was required in one patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The endonasal endoscopic approach is a valuable technique for access to the CVJ with minimal disruption of respiratory and alimentary function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]],"date-time":"2020-03-16T13:48:09Z","timestamp":1584366489000},"page":"94-99","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the craniovertebral junction: The Otolaryngologist's perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Qasim","family":"Husain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School \u2013 Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College \u2013 New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Weill Cornell Medical College \u2013 New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay K.","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College \u2013 New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Greenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Weill Cornell Medical College \u2013 New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore H.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College \u2013 New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Weill Cornell Medical College \u2013 New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh","family":"Kacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College \u2013 New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ins-2012-0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.JNS14733"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/07\/061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI\/2008\/8\/4\/376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818e344d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.3089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-008-0599-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989570074-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Radiographic and anatomic basis of endoscopic anterior craniocervical decompression: a comparison of endonasal, transoral, and transcervical approaches","volume":"65","author":"Baird C.J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1342923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.1.JNS162601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.FOCUS14777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699550041304"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095881120300160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095881120300160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.01.001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.01.001","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.01.001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T16:56:15Z","timestamp":1693155375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.01.001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.01.001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.01.001","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-8811","2589-1081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-8811","type":"print"},{"value":"2589-1081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the craniovertebral junction: The Otolaryngologist's perspective","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.01.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Chinese Medical Association. 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