{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:41:55Z","timestamp":1774330915449,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017484","name":"Temasek Polytechnic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a set of psychometrically equivalent disyllabic wordlist (SC\u201010) in Singapore Mandarin for clinical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A preliminary set of 1000 words were obtained from a dictionary of frequently used words by Singapore students. Ten native judges rate the familiarity level of each word. This is followed by a face\u2010to\u2010face public survey to rank the shortlisted word set from most to least familiar. The final 108 disyllabic words were recorded by a native female talker. 20 normal hearing subjects were used to obtain the percentage of correct word recognition at 24 intensity levels (\u221210\u00a0dB HL to 26\u00a0dB HL in 2\u00a0dB increment). Psychometric function slopes were calculated for each word. 100 words were eventually chosen and assigned into ten 10\u2010word lists based on a psychometric balancing protocol. Minor digital adjustments were made to the intensity of each wordlist to improve their auditory homogeneity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The developed SC\u201010 wordlists were validated by a separate group of 25 normal hearing subjects. Test\u2010retest reliability was carried out on 20 out of 25 participants at the selected intensity levels (SRT\u20105, SRT, SRT+5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The calculated regression slopes in the psychometric functions for the ten lists are between 8.0 and 9.8%\/dB. Single factor ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference in both the mean intensity required to obtain 50% recognition score (<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.109,<jats:italic>df<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.999) and the slopes of the psychometric functions (<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.078,<jats:italic>df<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.999) between the ten word lists. List validation on 25 normal hearing participants (PTA\u00a0=\u00a011.0\u00a0dB HL,<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04.3) showed a mean speech recognition threshold (SRT) of 9.3\u00a0dB HL (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03.5)and regression slope of 8.395%\/dB. Quadratic regression analysis showed a positive correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.923) between presentation level and word recognition score (WRS). The difference between PTA and SRT of each subject all fall within the clinically acceptable difference of 10\u00a0dB HL. Test\u2010retest reliability, carried out on 20 subjects at three levels (SRT\u20105, SRT, and SRT+5\u00a0dB), showed no significance difference between word recognition score when the same participant is tested again at the same intensity level using a different wordlist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All in all, it shows that the SC\u201010 speech materials are valid for clinical use for Mandarin speech audiometry in Singapore.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.02.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T05:59:36Z","timestamp":1595483976000},"page":"247-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of SC\u201010: A psychometrically equivalent Singapore Mandarin disyllabic word list for clinical speech audiometry use"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Gary Jek Chong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Ng Teng Fong General Hospital Singapore"},{"name":"Temasek Skillsfuture Academy Temasek Polytechnic Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven Lock Hey","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Changi General Hospital Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to speech audiometry","author":"Konkle D.F.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Principles of Speech Audiometry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"American Speech\u2010Language\u2010Hearing Association.Determining Threshold Level for Speech.1988.https:\/\/www.asha.org\/policy\/gl1988\u201000008.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1091425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Research needs in speech audiometry","author":"Talbott R.E.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Audiology Clinical Practice Algorithms and Statements","author":"Joint Audiology Committee on Clinical Practice Algorithms and Statements","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Audiology Australia.Professional Practice Standards\u2010 Part B Clinical Standards.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020500147615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Acoustics","author":"Ma D.Y.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"The Textbook of Mandarin","author":"Ma X.B.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21695717.2013.794592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Validation of Mandarin Speech Audiometry Materials in Singapore","author":"Soh W.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"2016","volume-title":"Table 25 Resident Population Aged 15 Years and over by Language Literate in, Age Group, Sex and Ethnic Group","author":"Singapore Department of Statistics","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V46N4p145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07268608908599423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"A study of the variable\/sh\/in Singapore Mandarin. 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