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Extracted information included patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, infectious etiology, signs and symptoms, medical and surgical treatments, duration of medical treatment, mean follow up time, HBOT setting, number of HBOT sessions, complications, survival rate, and all\u2010cause mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 16 studies comprising 58 patients (mean age 68.0 years) were included. Diabetes was present in 94.7% of cases and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> spp (64.3%) was the most common infectious agent. Cranial nerve VII was involved in 55.2% of cases. Overall, the disease cure rate with adjuvant HBOT was 91.4% and all\u2010cause mortality was 8.6%. Among those who had cranial nerve VII involvement, 72.0% had return of function and 93.8% of them survived.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>HBOT may be an effective treatment option for refractory or advanced MOE but its efficacy remains unproven due to lack of strong scientific evidence. However, its therapeutic value should not be underestimated given good results and few adverse events reported in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T23:03:09Z","timestamp":1588633389000},"page":"296-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in malignant otitis externa: A systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Young Jae","family":"Byun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"},{"name":"University of Central Florida College of Medicine Orlando FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaimin","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun A.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100101562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","article-title":"Fungal malignant otitis externa","volume":"2017","author":"Bowles P.F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182565b46"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"416","article-title":"Pseudomonas and Aspergillus interaction in malignant external otitis: risk of treatment failure","volume":"32","author":"Bovo R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182804aee"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880010093022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"CD004617","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen as an adjuvant treatment for malignant otitis externa","author":"Phillips J.S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Indications","author":"Weaver L.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Correction to Mathieu D, Marroni A, Kot J: tenth European Consensus Conference on Hyperbaric Medicine: recommendations for accepted and non\u2010accepted clinical indications and practice of hyperbaric oxygen treatment","volume":"47","author":"Mathieu D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Explanation of the 2001 Oxford Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence (Background Document)","author":"Howick J.C.I.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 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