{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:38:23Z","timestamp":1767339503999},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae originating from the fallopian canal of the facial nerve is hypothesized to arise due to atypical patterns of subarachnoid space extension into the geniculate ganglion or more distal regions along the intratemporal course of the facial nerve, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Although a rare etiology of CSF fistulae of the temporal bone, there are significant clinical ramifications due to the risk of recurrent meningitis, difficulty in identifying the anatomic location of the CSF leak, and technical challenges associated with surgical repair. We present three clinical cases of arachnoid cysts within the geniculate fossa with or without CSF fistulization and provide histopathologic correlates of this rare clinical phenomenon from a human temporal bone collection. The pediatric and adult patients presented suggest differential pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with CSF fistulae. Temporal bone histology reveals atypical patterns of subarachnoid space extension in the fallopian canal that may underlie arachnoid cyst formation and overt CSF leak from the geniculate region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T12:06:13Z","timestamp":1611489973000},"page":"71-81","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Perigeniculate arachnoid cysts and CSF fistulae of the fallopian canal: Histopathologic correlates of a rare clinical entity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Emerson E.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Andresen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Fairfax Hospital USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Sharon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010 Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard W.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences Duke University USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Q.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988108900325"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182129026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949009901102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486509127025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100094834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(00)80015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"358","article-title":"Anatomy and significance of the subarachnoid space in the fallopian canal","volume":"19","author":"Gacek R.R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200207000-00031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318271c312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215109991599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.4.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947908800311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1967.00760040574021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2009.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181a66f16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Spontaneous CSF otorrhea caused by abnormal development of the facial nerve canal","volume":"20","author":"Petrus L.V.","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Spontaneous onset of CSF otorrhea from a facial canal fistula in an adult: case report","volume":"55","author":"Piane R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"E20","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid leak of the fallopian canal","volume":"92","author":"Teufert K.B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-193410000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Pathology of the Ear and Temporal Bone","author":"Nager G.T.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000564"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Malformation of the facial canal, meningitis and cerebrospinal otorrhea","volume":"106","author":"Legent F.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Subarachnoid space: middle ear pathways and recurrent meningitis","volume":"6","author":"Barcz D.V.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318268d350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.10874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.3.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001057"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095881121000020?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095881121000020?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.12.005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.12.005","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.12.005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T15:38:48Z","timestamp":1693150728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.12.005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.12.005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.12.005","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-8811","2589-1081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-8811","type":"print"},{"value":"2589-1081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Perigeniculate arachnoid cysts and CSF fistulae of the fallopian canal: Histopathologic correlates of a rare clinical entity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2020.12.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Chinese Medical Association. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}