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Recent studies of the ABI have investigated outcomes in non\u2010NF2 cohorts, such as patients with cochlear nerve aplasia or cochlear ossification and more recently, intractable tinnitus. New technologies that improve the ABI\u2010neural tissue interface are being explored as means to improve performance and decrease side effects. Innovative discoveries in optogenetics and bioengineering present opportunities to continually evolve this technology into the future, enhancing spatial selectivity of neuronal activation in the cochlear nucleus and preventing side effects through reduction in activation of non\u2010target neuronal circuitry. These advances will improve surgical planning and ultimately improve patients\u2019 audiological capabilities. ABI research has rapidly increased in the 21st century and applications of this technology are likely to continually evolve. 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