{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:58:03Z","timestamp":1787162283083,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T08:47:24Z","timestamp":1333097244000},"page":"521-533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evolution and Rebirth of Functional Stereotaxy in the Subthalamus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Lehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Augustine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq322","article-title":"The pedunculopontine nucleus area: critical evaluation of interspecies differences relevant for its use as a target for deep brain stimulation","volume":"134","author":"Alam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib2","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Characteristic electric activities of some cerebral structures in man [in French]","volume":"17","author":"Albe-Fessard","year":"1963","journal-title":"Ann Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.8.1223","article-title":"Effects of bilateral subthalamic stimulation on cognitive function in Parkinson disease","volume":"58","author":"Alegret","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90107-L","article-title":"Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing","volume":"13","author":"Alexander","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62678-3","article-title":"Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, \u201cprefrontal\u201d and \u201climbic\u201d functions","volume":"85","author":"Alexander","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196001000-00012","article-title":"Effect of stimulation of the pallidum on experimental tegmental tremor in the cat","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"1960","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1159\/000105013","article-title":"Influence of cerebellar stimulation upon tremor of tegmental origin","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"1959","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib8","first-page":"360","article-title":"Comparison of three methods of targeting the subthalamic nucleus for chronic stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"56","author":"Andrade-Souza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1159\/000104384","article-title":"Diencephalic coagulation in the treatment of hemiballismus","volume":"22","author":"Andy","year":"1962","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib10","first-page":"107","article-title":"Thalamic stimulation for control of movement disorders","volume":"46","author":"Andy","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199908)46:2<217::AID-ANA11>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Bilateral subthalamic or pallidal stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease affects neither memory nor executive functions: a consecutive series of 62 patients","volume":"46","author":"Ardouin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib12","series-title":"Human Neuroanatomy","author":"Augustine","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10206","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulus evoked potentials: physiological and therapeutic implications","volume":"17","author":"Baker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib14","first-page":"635","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation as an effective treatment option for post-midbrain infarction-related tremor as it presents with Benedikt syndrome","volume":"109","author":"Bandt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib15","first-page":"136","article-title":"Method of electrostimulation of the deep brain structures in treatment of some chronic diseases","volume":"37","author":"Bechtereva","year":"1975","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.5.595","article-title":"Axial Parkinsonian symptoms can be improved: the role of levodopa and bilateral subthalamic stimulation","volume":"68","author":"Bejjani","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1693","article-title":"Adenosine is crucial for deep brain stimulation-mediated attenuation of tremor","volume":"14","author":"Bekar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70291-6","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Benabid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1159\/000062043","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation","volume":"15","author":"Benabid","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog Neurol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib20","first-page":"1385","article-title":"Antiepileptic effect of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (corpus Luysi) in a case of medically intractable epilepsy caused by focal dysplasia: a 30-month follow-up: technical case report","volume":"50","author":"Benabid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91175-T","article-title":"Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus","volume":"337","author":"Benabid","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib22","first-page":"344","article-title":"Combined (thalamotomy and stimulation) stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease","volume":"50","author":"Benabid","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2402638","article-title":"Reversal of experimental Parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus","volume":"249","author":"Bergman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib24","first-page":"403","article-title":"Functional localization with monopolar stimulation","volume":"24","author":"Bertrand","year":"1966","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1159\/000104371","article-title":"Localization of lesions, mostly with regard to tremor and rigidity","volume":"22","author":"Bertrand","year":"1962","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000104026","article-title":"Microelectrode recording of unit activity in the human thalamus","volume":"26","author":"Bertrand","year":"1965","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000102737","article-title":"Stereotaxic hypothalamotomy for control of violent, aggressive behavior: preliminary observations","volume":"37","author":"Black","year":"1975","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000345643.69486.BC","article-title":"The posterior subthalamic area in the treatment of movement disorders: past, present, and future","volume":"64","author":"Blomstedt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib29","first-page":"83","article-title":"Pretargeting for the implantation of stimulation electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus: a comparative study of magnetic resonance imaging and ventriculography","volume":"58","author":"Breit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-197907000-00006","article-title":"A\u00a0stereotactic head frame for use with CT body scanners","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"1979","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1939.02270160077007","article-title":"Tremor: physiologic mechanisms and abolition by surgical means","volume":"41","author":"Bucy","year":"1939","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1159\/000329356","article-title":"The mamillothalamic tract is a good landmark for the anterior border of the subthalamic nucleus on axial MR images","volume":"89","author":"Caire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib33","series-title":"Human neuroanatomy","first-page":"496","article-title":"The basal ganglia","author":"Carpenter","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31820a1a20","article-title":"Individual fiber anatomy of the subthalamic region revealed with diffusion tensor imaging: a concept to identify the deep brain stimulation target for tremor suppression","volume":"68","author":"Coenen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1955.tb00936.x","article-title":"Chemopallidectomy: a neurosurgical technique useful in geriatric Parkinsonians","volume":"3","author":"Cooper","year":"1955","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.8.9.701","article-title":"Implications of a five-year study of 700 basal ganglia operations","volume":"8","author":"Cooper","year":"1958","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196109000-00013","article-title":"Cryostatic congelation: a system for producing a limited, controlled region of cooling or freezing of biologic tissues","volume":"133","author":"Cooper","year":"1961","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib38","first-page":"244","article-title":"Reversibility of chronic neurologic deficits","volume":"43","author":"Cooper","year":"1980","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000092682","article-title":"Conventional MRI is inadequate to delineate the relationship between the red nucleus and subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"84","author":"Danish","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib40","first-page":"351","article-title":"Permanent implantation of multilead electrodes in the brain","volume":"24","author":"Delgado","year":"1952","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1159\/000104365","article-title":"Depth electrography","volume":"22","author":"Delgado","year":"1962","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.122","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"67","author":"Denys","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060281","article-title":"Neurostimulation Section: A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"355","author":"Deuschl","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1965.00460270003001","article-title":"Encephalitis and Parkinsonism","volume":"12","author":"Duvoisin","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1159\/000105418","article-title":"Tremor on stimulation of the midbrain tegmentum","volume":"13","author":"Folkerts","year":"1953","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907083","article-title":"Pallidal versus subthalamic deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"362","author":"Follett","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.022707","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in tremor dominant Parkinsonian patients with previous thalamic surgery","volume":"76","author":"Fraix","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib48","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus for treatment of chronic intractable cluster headaches: first reported series","volume":"52","author":"Franzini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1159\/000175800","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of two unconventional targets in refractory non-resectable epilepsy","volume":"86","author":"Franzini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib50","series-title":"Psychosurgery: intelligence, emotion and social behavior following prefrontal lobotomy for mental disorders","author":"Freeman","year":"1942"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1159\/000105205","article-title":"Studies in stereoencephalotomy","volume":"17","author":"Gildenberg","year":"1957","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1159\/000104383","article-title":"Pattern of brain heating studied with a high-resistance heating electrode","volume":"22","author":"Gildenberg","year":"1962","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib53","first-page":"170","article-title":"Stereotactic neurosurgery and computerized tomographic scanning","volume":"46","author":"Gildenberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib54","first-page":"477","article-title":"Survey of CT-guided stereotactic surgery","volume":"48","author":"Gildenberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1159\/000062060","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus lesions","volume":"15","author":"Gill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog Neurol Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib56","first-page":"382","article-title":"Depth recording and stimulation","volume":"24","author":"Gillingham","year":"1966","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1167093","article-title":"Optical deconstruction of Parkinsonian neural circuitry","volume":"324","author":"Gradinaru","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0547-8","article-title":"The pedunculopontine nucleus as a target for deep brain stimulation","volume":"118","author":"Hamani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Transm"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S276","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(08)70016-6","article-title":"The pedunculopontine nucleus and movement disorders: anatomy and the role for deep brain stimulation","volume":"13","author":"Hamani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.032029","article-title":"Targeting the subthalamic nucleus for deep brain stimulation: technical approach and fusion of pre- and postoperative MR images to define accuracy of lead placement","volume":"76","author":"Hamid","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib61","first-page":"410","article-title":"Electrophysiological localization and identification","volume":"24","author":"Hardy","year":"1966","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.4.FOCUS10106","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation between 1947 and 1987: the untold story","volume":"29","author":"Hariz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1159\/000102799","article-title":"Fiber connections within the extrapyramidal system","volume":"36","author":"Hassler","year":"1974","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1159\/000104040","article-title":"Correlations between clinical and autoptic findings in stereotaxic operations of Parkinsonism","volume":"26","author":"Hassler","year":"1965","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.120.6.571","article-title":"Electrical self-stimulation of the brain in man","volume":"120","author":"Heath","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.26001.x","article-title":"Chronic anterior thalamus stimulation for intractable epilepsy","volume":"43","author":"Hodaie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/31.1.45","article-title":"The structure and functions of the cerebellum examined by a new method","volume":"31","author":"Horsley","year":"1908","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1159\/000103961","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of limited thalamic and sub-thalamic stereotaxic lesions [in French]","volume":"27","author":"Houdart","year":"1966","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000103437","article-title":"Subthalamotomy in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Hullay","year":"1970","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000102710","article-title":"Stimulation and destruction of the prelemniscal radiation or its adjacent area in various extrapyramidal disorders","volume":"37","author":"Ito","year":"1975","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1938.1.2.87","article-title":"Brain potentials and voluntary muscle activity in man","volume":"1","author":"Jasper","year":"1938","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000103943","article-title":"Clinical results and the significance of Forel-H-tomy in the treatment of epilepsy","volume":"27","author":"Jinnai","year":"1966","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1159\/000104064","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the thalamic and subthalamic area in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Johansson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib74","series-title":"Principles of Neural Science","author":"Kandel","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib75","first-page":"548","article-title":"Characteristics and distribution of somatosensory evoked potentials in the subthalamic region","volume":"107","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib76","first-page":"429","article-title":"Bilateral thalamotomy and pallidotomy as treatment for bilateral Parkinsonism","volume":"18","author":"Krayenbuhl","year":"1961","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.33802.x","article-title":"The effect of electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on seizures is frequency dependent","volume":"44","author":"Lado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000103461","article-title":"Hemiballismus as a complication of thalamotomy: report of two cases","volume":"31","author":"LaFia","year":"1969","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib79","first-page":"53","article-title":"Leksell\u2019s posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"76","author":"Laitinen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.1.53","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: anatomical, neurophysiological, and outcome correlations with the effects of stimulation","volume":"72","author":"Lanotte","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2010.07.012","article-title":"Minimally invasive surgery for movement disorders","volume":"21","author":"Larson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1159\/000103058","article-title":"Related subthalamic structures","volume":"34","author":"Lehman","year":"1972","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib83","first-page":"21","article-title":"Computed-tomography-directed stereotaxis for movement disorder with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging confirmation","volume":"51","author":"Lehman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050041","article-title":"Comparison of 3-D stereoscopic MR imaging with pre and post lesion recording in pallidotomy","volume":"142","author":"Lehman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib85","first-page":"229","article-title":"A\u00a0stereotaxic apparatus for intracerebral surgery","volume":"99","author":"Leksell","year":"1949","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib86","first-page":"178","article-title":"Targeted Brain Surgery, Handbook of Neurosurgery","volume":"6","author":"Leksell","year":"1957"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib87","first-page":"415","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus and thalamus","volume":"24","author":"Levin","year":"1966","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70039-4","article-title":"AAV2-GAD gene therapy for advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: a double-blind, sham-surgery controlled, randomized trial","volume":"10","author":"LeWitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000099072","article-title":"Multiple target deep brain stimulation for multiple sclerosis related and poststroke Holmes\u2019 tremor","volume":"85","author":"Lim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810153391603","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"339","author":"Limousin","year":"1998","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200111000-00002","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in epilepsy","volume":"18","author":"Loddenkemper","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2011.03.007","article-title":"The pedunculopontine nucleus as an additional target for deep brain stimulation","volume":"24","author":"Lourens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib93","first-page":"30","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for Parkinsonian gait disorders","volume":"255","author":"Lozano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22714","article-title":"Basal ganglia physiology and deep brain stimulation","volume":"25","author":"Lozano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib95","first-page":"374","article-title":"A\u00a0dedicated CT system for the stereotactic operating room","volume":"45","author":"Lunsford","year":"1982","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1159\/000100239","article-title":"Image-guided stereotactic surgery: a 10-year evolutionary experience","volume":"54-55","author":"Lunsford","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198309000-00012","article-title":"Stereotactic implantation of deep brain electrodes using computed tomography","volume":"13","author":"Lunsford","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708514","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in severe obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"359","author":"Mallet","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1126\/science.134.3489.1520","article-title":"Localized cooling in the brain","volume":"134","author":"Mark","year":"1961","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1159\/000104366","article-title":"The treatment of pain by stereotaxic methods","volume":"22","author":"Mark","year":"1962","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib101","series-title":"Neuroanatomy Text and Atlas","first-page":"323","article-title":"The basal ganglia","author":"Martin","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12601","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3750-07.2007","article-title":"High-frequency deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens region suppresses neuronal activity and selectively modulates afferent drive in rat orbitofrontal cortex in vivo","volume":"27","author":"McCracken","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib103","first-page":"602","article-title":"The modification of alternating tremors, rigidity and festination by surgery of the basal ganglia","volume":"21","author":"Meyers","year":"1942","journal-title":"Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1956.19.1.21","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the monkey brain with various frequencies and pulse durations","volume":"19","author":"Mihailovi\u0107","year":"1956","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.10.1365","article-title":"The basal ganglia and involuntary movements: impaired inhibition of competing motor patterns","volume":"60","author":"Mink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1159\/000102765","article-title":"Forel-H-tomy for the treatment of intractable epilepsy","volume":"37","author":"Mukawa","year":"1975","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1159\/000104030","article-title":"Stereotaxic interventions on the zona incerta area for treatment of extrapyramidal motor disturbances and their results","volume":"26","author":"Mundinger","year":"1965","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib108","first-page":"102","article-title":"Programmed stimulation for control of chronic pain and motor diseases","volume":"45","author":"Mundinger","year":"1982","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib109","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Studies on the physical and technical bases of high-frequency coagulation with controlled dosage in stereotactic brain surgery [in German]","volume":"19","author":"Mundinger","year":"1960","journal-title":"Zentralbl Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib110","first-page":"708","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area for the treatment of intractable proximal tremor","volume":"99","author":"Murata","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1159\/000330379","article-title":"MRI-guided subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation without microelectrode recording: can we dispense with surgery under local anaesthesia?","volume":"89","author":"Nakajima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib112","first-page":"669","article-title":"Stereotaxic instrument for operation of the human basal ganglia [in Japanese]","volume":"54","author":"Narabayashi","year":"1952","journal-title":"Psychiatr Neurol Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000103065","article-title":"Depth electrode studies in centrencephalic epilepsy","volume":"34","author":"Nashold","year":"1972","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.15504.x","article-title":"Seizure anticipation: do mathematical measures correlate with video-EEG evaluation?","volume":"46","author":"Navarro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib115","first-page":"319","article-title":"Statistical analysis of 168 bilateral subthalamic nucleus implantations by means of the probabilistic functional atlas","volume":"57","author":"Nowinski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.20.1.47","article-title":"A\u00a0simplified neurosurgical technique for approaching and damaging the region of the globus pallidus in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Obrador","year":"1957","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000104372","article-title":"Some physiopathological aspects related to subcortical therapeutical lesions","volume":"22","author":"Obrador","year":"1962","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1159\/000104034","article-title":"Observations on the treatment of intentional and postural tremor by subcortical stereotaxic lesions","volume":"26","author":"Obrador","year":"1965","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1159\/000103930","article-title":"Sensory responses to subcortical stimulation and management of pain disorders by stereotaxic methods","volume":"27","author":"Obrador","year":"1965","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000334045.43940.FB","article-title":"Electrode position determined by fused images of preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and surgical outcome after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation","volume":"63","author":"Paek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib121","first-page":"19","article-title":"The striatopallidal fiber system in primates","volume":"74","author":"Parent","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib122","first-page":"252","article-title":"Highest level seizures","volume":"26","author":"Penfield","year":"1947","journal-title":"Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.07.012","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmentum and subthalamic nucleus: effects on gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Peppe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl127","article-title":"Stimulation of the caudal zona incerta is superior to stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in improving contralateral Parkinsonism","volume":"129","author":"Plaha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1956.02330220014002","article-title":"The propagation of cortical after-discharge through subcortical structures","volume":"75","author":"Poggio","year":"1956","journal-title":"AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib126","first-page":"36","article-title":"Localization of electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"106","author":"Pollo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1940.02280110024002","article-title":"Treatment of unilateral paralysis agitans by section of the lateral pyramidal tract","volume":"44","author":"Putnam","year":"1940","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib128","first-page":"152","article-title":"Stereotactic operation in behavior disorders","volume":"44","author":"Ramamurthi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00342808","article-title":"A\u00a0new stereotactic instrument for intracranial placement of electrodes [in German]","volume":"186","author":"Riechert","year":"1951","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000103948","article-title":"Stereotaxic lesion of the tubular cinereum in sexual deviation","volume":"27","author":"Roeder","year":"1966","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib131","first-page":"566","article-title":"Possible necessity for deep brain stimulation of both the ventralis intermedius and subthalamic nuclei to resolve Holmes tremor","volume":"99","author":"Romanelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1159\/000082778","article-title":"The functional organization of the sensorimotor region of the subthalamic nucleus","volume":"82","author":"Romanelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib133","first-page":"611","article-title":"Microelectrode recording revealing a somatotopic body map in the subthalamic nucleus in humans with Parkinson disease","volume":"100","author":"Romanelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib134","first-page":"145","article-title":"Posteromedial hypothalamotomy in the treatment of violent, aggressive behavior","volume":"44","author":"Sano","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000102762","article-title":"Posteromedial hypothalamotomy in the treatment of intractable pain","volume":"37","author":"Sano","year":"1975","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1159\/000103949","article-title":"Postero-medial hypothalamotomy in the treatment of aggressive behaviors","volume":"27","author":"Sano","year":"1966","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1159\/000103717","article-title":"Autonomic, somatomotor and electroencephalographic responses upon stimulation of the hypothalamus and the rostral brain stem in man","volume":"29","author":"Sano","year":"1967","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib138","series-title":"Introduction to Stereotaxis with an Atlas of the Human Brain","author":"Schaltenbrand","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib139","series-title":"Atlas for Stereotaxy of the Human Brain","author":"Schaltenbrand","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(56)90044-X","article-title":"A\u00a0method for examining electrodes and after-discharges during electrical stimulation","volume":"8","author":"Sem-Jacobsen","year":"1956","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib141","first-page":"388","article-title":"Depth-electrographic observations related to Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Sem-Jacobsen","year":"1966","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1159\/000098599","article-title":"Chronic electrical stimulation of the VL-VPL complex and of the pallidum in the treatment of movement disorders: personal experience since 1982","volume":"62","author":"Siegfried","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib143","first-page":"257","article-title":"Pathological changes associated with stereotactic lesions in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"1966","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib144","first-page":"197","article-title":"Zentren der statischen Innervation","volume":"27","author":"Spiegel","year":"1925","journal-title":"Arb Neurol Inst Wien Univ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(57)90061-5","article-title":"Electrographic study of thalamic impulses to the striatum and pallidum","volume":"9","author":"Spiegel","year":"1957","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib146","first-page":"260","article-title":"Electrographic study of the projections of the labyrinth to subcortical areas in the mesencephalon, diencephalon and prosencephalon","volume":"89","author":"Spiegel","year":"1964","journal-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1965.00460270034005","article-title":"Vestibular responses in midbrain, thalamus, and basal ganglia","volume":"12","author":"Spiegel","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib148","first-page":"295","article-title":"Pallidothalamotomy in chorea","volume":"64","author":"Spiegel","year":"1950","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib149","series-title":"Monographs in Biology and Medicine","article-title":"Stereoencephalotomy: I. Methods and Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain","author":"Spiegel","year":"1952"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib150","series-title":"Monographs in Biology and Medicine","article-title":"Stereoencephalotomy: II. Clinical and Physiological Applications","author":"Spiegel","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1126\/science.106.2754.349","article-title":"Stereotaxic apparatus for operations on the human brain","volume":"106","author":"Spiegel","year":"1947","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib152","first-page":"379","article-title":"Thalamotomy and hypothalamotomy for the treatment of psychoses","volume":"31","author":"Spiegel","year":"1953","journal-title":"Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib153","first-page":"871","article-title":"Campotomy in various extrapyramidal disorders","volume":"20","author":"Spiegel","year":"1963","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1159\/000104049","article-title":"Role of the caudate nucleus in Parkinsonian bradykinesia. (Effect of dopamine and of stereotaxic caudate lesions)","volume":"26","author":"Spiegel","year":"1965","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1962.00450210036004","article-title":"Stimulation of the ventrolateral region of the thalamus","volume":"6","author":"Spuler","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl346","article-title":"Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine and subthalamic nuclei in severe Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"130","author":"Stefani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000104029","article-title":"Experiences with subthalamic lesions in patients with movement disorders","volume":"26","author":"Story","year":"1965","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1159\/000102811","article-title":"The mode of innervation following thalamotomy and subthalamotomy","volume":"36","author":"Struppler","year":"1974","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000103035","article-title":"Neurophysiological findings during stereotactic operation in thalamus and subthalamus","volume":"34","author":"Struppler","year":"1972","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1960.tb07606.x","article-title":"Treatment of Parkinsonism by stereotactic thermolesions in the pallidal region","volume":"35","author":"Svennilson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1159\/000104374","article-title":"Stimulation of ventrolateral area of the thalamus after degeneration of fibers originating in frontal lobe, sigmoid gyri and pallidum","volume":"22","author":"Szekely","year":"1962","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib162","series-title":"Stereotactic Atlas of the Anatomy of the Central Gray Matter [in French]","author":"Talairach","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(97)00459-X","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation is preferable to thalamotomy for tremor suppression","volume":"49","author":"Tasker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib164","series-title":"International Anatomical Terminology. Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f25b35","article-title":"Involvement of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region in voluntary movements","volume":"75","author":"Tsang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.4065\/84.6.522","article-title":"Disrupting disordered neurocircuitry: treating refractory psychiatric illness with neuromodulation","volume":"84","author":"Tye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib167","first-page":"235","article-title":"Discussion in 1st International Symposium on Stereoencephalotomy (stereotaxic surgery) held in Philadelphia, 1961","volume":"22","author":"Umbach","year":"1962","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib168","first-page":"293","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the prelemniscal radiation in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease: an old target revised with new techniques","volume":"49","author":"Velasco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib169","first-page":"184","article-title":"Further definition of the subthalamic target for arrest of tremor","volume":"36","author":"Velasco","year":"1972","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200111000-00001","article-title":"Centromedian-thalamic and hippocampal electrical stimulation for the control of intractable epileptic seizures","volume":"18","author":"Velasco","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1535-7511.2006.00106.x","article-title":"Update on the role of substantia nigra pars reticulata in the regulation of seizures","volume":"6","author":"Vel\u00edskov\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib172","first-page":"285","article-title":"The myeloarchitecture of the thalamus of cercopithecus [in French]","volume":"12","author":"Vogt","year":"1909","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychol Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1159\/000104363","article-title":"Stereotaxic methods for the study of subcortical activity in epilepsy","volume":"22","author":"Walker","year":"1962","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.929","article-title":"Bilateral deep brain stimulation vs best medical therapy for patients with advanced Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"301","author":"Weaver","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-195701000-00008","article-title":"Tremor on stimulation of the midbrain tegmentum after degeneration of the brachium conjunctivum","volume":"16","author":"Wycis","year":"1957","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropath Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib176","first-page":"437","article-title":"A\u00a0high frequency-coagulation apparatus for plain ablations [in German]","volume":"8","author":"Wyss","year":"1945","journal-title":"Helv physiol Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib177","first-page":"41","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus stimulation for gait disturbance in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"45","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200008000-00005","article-title":"Comparison of anatomic and neurophysiological methods for subthalamic nucleus targeting","volume":"47","author":"Zonenshayn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875012004093?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875012004093?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,3]],"date-time":"2019-11-03T08:11:35Z","timestamp":1572768695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875012004093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":178,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1878875012004093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}}}