{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:24:14Z","timestamp":1761812654502,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T14:06:20Z","timestamp":1549375580000},"page":"87-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Retropharyngeal Granulation: Delayed Complication of Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion in C2\u20133"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Ju-Hwi","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seul-Kee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hwan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1681-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bong Ju","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung-Kil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318154c57e","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion associated complications","volume":"32","author":"Fountas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211150-00007","article-title":"Incidence of dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective study","volume":"27","author":"Bazaz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000129100.59913.EA","article-title":"Prospective analysis of incidence and risk factors of dysphagia in spine surgery patients: comparison of anterior cervical, posterior cervical, and lumbar procedures","volume":"29","author":"Smith-Hammond","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7916","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007916","article-title":"Factors predicting dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery: a multicenter retrospective study for 2 years of follow-up","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000186317.86379.02","article-title":"Dysphagia after anterior cervical decompression and fusion: prevalence and risk factors from a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Riley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.09.188","article-title":"Comparison of chronic dysphagia in standalone versus conventional plate and cage fusion","volume":"109","author":"Fisahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E177","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000060","article-title":"Incidence of dysphagia and serial videofluoroscopic swallow study findings after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a prospective study","volume":"29","author":"Min","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E284","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31828873ed","article-title":"Zero-profile anchored spacer reduces rate of dysphagia compared with ACDF with anterior plating","volume":"28","author":"Hofstetter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4914-5","article-title":"Zero-profile anchored cage reduces risk of postoperative dysphagia compared with cage with plate fixation after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"26","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-015-2212-z","article-title":"Zero-profile integrated plate and spacer device reduces rate of adjacent-level ossification development and dysphagia compared to ACDF with plating and cage system","volume":"135","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.07.020","article-title":"Comparison of the incidence of patient-reported post-operative dysphagia between ACDF with a traditional anterior plate and artificial cervical disc replacement","volume":"148","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E413","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002441","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with and without anterior plate fixation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Oliver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25s","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217745062","article-title":"Treatment of injuries to the subaxial cervical spine: recommendations of the spine section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU)","volume":"8","author":"Schleicher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E536","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318292b3ca","article-title":"C2-C3 anterior cervical fusion: technical report","volume":"29","author":"Finn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.4.2","article-title":"Anterior approaches to fusion of the cervical spine: a metaanalysis of fusion rates","volume":"6","author":"Fraser","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib16","first-page":"229","article-title":"Anterior cervical plating enhances arthrodesis after discectomy and fusion with cortical allograft","volume":"50","author":"Kaiser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S868","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3005-0","article-title":"Zero-P: a new zero-profile cage-plate device for single and multilevel ACDF. A single institution series with four years maximum follow-up and review of the literature on zero-profile devices","volume":"22","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.10.039","article-title":"Difference in canal encroachment by the fusion mass between anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with bone autograft and anterior plating, and stand-alone cage","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2014.8.4.531","article-title":"Current concepts of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a review of literature","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.2.0123","article-title":"Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy during anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective study","volume":"2","author":"Jung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.07.474","article-title":"Revision rates and complication incidence in single- and multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion procedures: an administrative database study","volume":"14","author":"Veeravagu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4739-2","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of a new zero-profile, stand-alone Fidji cervical cage and anterior cervical plate for single and multilevel ACDF: a minimum 2-year follow-up study","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.02.024","article-title":"Risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a two-year prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E554","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000180","article-title":"Reasons of dysphagia after operation of anterior cervical decompression and fusion","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200204000-00001","article-title":"Swallowing disorders in the elderly","volume":"112","author":"Schindler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31819e2ab8","article-title":"Lower incidence of dysphagia with cervical arthroplasty compared with ACDF in a prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"McAfee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.1.51","article-title":"Dysphonia and dysphagia following the anterior approach to the cervical spine","volume":"127","author":"Winslow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.06.022","article-title":"Surgical treatment of dysphagia after anterior cervical interbody fusion","volume":"5","author":"Fogel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318158dec8","article-title":"Role of plate thickness as a cause of dysphagia after anterior cervical fusion","volume":"32","author":"Chin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1372-y","article-title":"Histological features of pseudotumor-like tissues from metal-on-metal hips","volume":"468","author":"Campbell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200009000-00011","article-title":"Vocal fold paralysis after anterior cervical spine surgery: incidence, mechanism, and prevention of injury","volume":"110","author":"Kriskovich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875019302566?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875019302566?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:20:34Z","timestamp":1761812434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875019302566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1878875019302566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1878-8750"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Retropharyngeal Granulation: Delayed Complication of Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion in C2\u20133","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.156","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}