{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T02:42:31Z","timestamp":1780972951237,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T11:55:12Z","timestamp":1582718112000},"page":"e634-e641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["In\u00a0Vivo Testing of a Prototype Intradural Spinal Cord Stimulator in a Porcine Model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4936-4193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marshall T.","family":"Holland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Seaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0864-8712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Royce W.","family":"Woodroffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Fredericks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Kovach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine N.","family":"Gibson-Corley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George T.","family":"Gillies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Matthew A.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428","article-title":"The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study","volume":"73","author":"Hoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Estimating cost of care for patients with acute low back pain: a retrospective review of patient records","volume":"109","author":"Crow","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Osteo Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002212","article-title":"An overview of chronic spinal pain","volume":"42","author":"Sharan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31820cccfb","article-title":"Spinal fusion in the United States","volume":"37","author":"Rajaee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000254104.55716.46","article-title":"Reoperation rates following lumbar spine surgery and the influence of spinal fusion procedures","volume":"32","author":"Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12175","article-title":"Anatomic considerations for spinal cord stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Levy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12279","article-title":"Review: bioelectrical mechanisms in spinal cord stimulation","volume":"18","author":"Holsheimer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1109\/86.681186","article-title":"Analysis of current density and related parameters in spinal cord stimulation","volume":"6","author":"Wesselink","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Rehab Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100717","article-title":"Computer modelling of spinal cord stimulation and its contribution to therapeutic efficacy","volume":"36","author":"Holsheimer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf111","article-title":"Morphometry of human superficial dorsal and dorsolateral column fibres: significance to spinal cord stimulation","volume":"125","author":"Feirabend","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-009-9201-0","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation: principles of past, present and future practice: a review","volume":"23","author":"Kunnumurath","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12027","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Perruchoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12126","article-title":"Impact of wait times on spinal cord stimulation therapy outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-012-0307-6","article-title":"Psychological screening\/phenotyping as predictors for spinal cord stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044702","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3626469","article-title":"Intradural approach to selective stimulation in the spinal cord for treatment of intractable pain: design principles and wireless protocol","volume":"110","author":"Howard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/33\/12\/2003","article-title":"A\u00a0new device concept for directly modulating spinal cord pathways: initial in\u00a0vivo experimental results","volume":"33","author":"Flouty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056266","article-title":"Intracranial somatosensory responses with direct spinal cord stimulation in anesthetized sheep","volume":"8","author":"Flouty","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989175","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/989175","article-title":"Postsurgical pathologies associated with intradural electrical stimulation in the central nervous system: design implications for a new clinical device","volume":"2014","author":"Gibson-Corley","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026013","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4775835","article-title":"Dynamic loading characteristics of an intradural spinal cord stimulator","volume":"113","author":"Oliynyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041012","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4028421","article-title":"Finite-element study of the performance characteristics of an intradural spinal cord stimulator","volume":"8","author":"Grosland","year":"2014","journal-title":"ASME J Med Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114938","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114938","article-title":"Evaluation of intradural stimulation efficiency and selectivity in a computational model of spinal cord stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Howell","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2015.07.031","article-title":"Model-based analysis and design of waveforms for efficient neural stimulation","volume":"222","author":"Grill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-014-1157-7","article-title":"Comparison of spinal cord stimulation profiles from intra-and extradural electrode arrangements by finite element modelling","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00253","article-title":"Intradural spinal cord stimulation: performance modeling of a new modality","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12438","article-title":"Parameters of spinal cord stimulation and their role in electrical charge delivery: a review","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.2016.1136560","article-title":"Visions on the future of medical devices in spinal cord stimulation: what medical device is needed?","volume":"13","author":"De Ridder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12913","article-title":"Durotomy surrogate and seals for intradural spinal cord stimulators: apparatus and review of clinical methods and materials","volume":"22","author":"Nagel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3109\/08941939.2012.677967","article-title":"Ovine tests of a novel spinal cord neuromodulator and dentate ligament fixation method","volume":"25","author":"Gibson-Corley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Investig Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164701","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4827195","article-title":"Soft-coupling suspension system for an intradural spinal cord stimulator: biophysical performance characteristics","volume":"114","author":"Oya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1192-5","article-title":"Anatomy of large animal spines and its comparison to the human spine: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Sheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib32","first-page":"150","article-title":"An intermediate animal model of spinal cord stimulation","volume":"26","author":"Guiho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Translat Myol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2018.2871763","article-title":"Functional selectivity of lumbosacral stimulation: methodological approach and pilot study to assess visceral function in pigs","volume":"26","author":"Guiho","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Sys Rehab Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23325","article-title":"Impact of direct epispinal stimulation on bladder and bowel function in pigs: a feasibility study","volume":"37","author":"Guiho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.12.004","article-title":"The demodulated band transform","volume":"261","author":"Kovach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Meth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.07.007","article-title":"Decomposition of higher-order spectra for blind multiple-input deconvolution, pattern identification and separation","volume":"165","author":"Kovach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2016.1222475","article-title":"An ovine model of spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1089\/cell.2010.0039","article-title":"Development of a model of sacrocaudal spinal cord injury in cloned Yucatan minipigs for cellular transplantation research","volume":"12","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Reprogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2386","article-title":"A\u00a0novel porcine model of traumatic thoracic spinal cord injury","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23575","article-title":"Pig models of neurodegenerative disorders: utilization in cell replacement-based preclinical safety and efficacy studies","volume":"522","author":"Dolezalova","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4567","article-title":"Translational relevance of swine models of spinal cord injury","volume":"34","author":"Schomberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2011.00395.x","article-title":"Incidence and avoidance of neurologic complications with paddle type spinal cord stimulation leads","volume":"14","author":"Levy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.04.165","article-title":"Contemporary approaches to preventing and treating infections of novel intrathecal neurostimulation devices","volume":"128","author":"Nagel","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12591","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for spasticity: historical approaches, current status, and future directions","volume":"20","author":"Nagel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2007.00112.x","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation modulates visceral nociception and hyperalgesia via the spinothalamic tracts and the postsynaptic dorsal column pathways: a literature review and hypothesis","volume":"10","author":"Krames","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875020303752?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875020303752?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:39:32Z","timestamp":1761813572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875020303752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1878875020303752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In\u00a0Vivo Testing of a Prototype Intradural Spinal Cord Stimulator in a Porcine Model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.100","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}