{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:26:47Z","timestamp":1790112407269,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T13:05:32Z","timestamp":1589202332000},"page":"413-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Epidemiology and Pattern of Traumatic Brain Injuries at Annapurna Neurological Institute &amp; Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Newall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharad","family":"Gajuryal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangita","family":"Bidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashmita","family":"Karki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashmita","family":"Karki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bodkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basant","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.017","article-title":"Demographics and clinical assessment working group of the international and interagency initiative toward common data elements for research on traumatic brain injury and psychological health. Position statement: definition of traumatic brain injury","volume":"91","author":"Menon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70164-9","article-title":"Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults","volume":"7","author":"Maas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.07.005","article-title":"Long-term disability and survival in traumatic brain injury: results from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Model Systems","volume":"94","author":"Brooks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.02.002","article-title":"Long-term survival after traumatic brain injury part ii: life expectancy","volume":"96","author":"Brooks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury","volume":"1","author":"Dewan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib7","first-page":"341","article-title":"The impact of traumatic brain injuries: a global perspective","volume":"22","author":"Hyder","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30415-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"James","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010757","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010757","article-title":"Epidemiology of road traffic injuries in Nepal, 2001\u20132013: systematic review and secondary data analysis","volume":"6","author":"Karkee","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.3126\/bjhs.v4i2.25459","article-title":"Head injury in Nepal: an institutional based prospective study on clinical profile, management and early outcome of traumatic brain injury in eastern part of Nepal","volume":"4","author":"Kafle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Birat J Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.160700","article-title":"An epidemiological study of traumatic brain injury cases in a trauma centre of New Delhi (India)","volume":"8","author":"Shekhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.09.127","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries at a major government hospital in Cambodia","volume":"97","author":"Peeters","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1159\/000182821","article-title":"Clinicoepidemiological profiles and outcomes during first hospital admission of head injury patients in Ikeja, Nigeria","volume":"32","author":"Adeleye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012197","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in England and Wales: prospective audit of epidemiology, complications and standardised mortality","volume":"6","author":"Lawrence","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.22","article-title":"Changing patterns in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury","volume":"9","author":"Roozenbeek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2512-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe","volume":"157","author":"Peeters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochirurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6609a1","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury\u2013related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths\u2014United States, 2007 and 2013","volume":"66","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib19","article-title":"Health care in Nepal: an observational perspective","volume":"7","author":"Garha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nursing Educ Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib20","first-page":"342","article-title":"Economic and social burden due to injuries and violence in Nepal: a cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Joshi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.255","article-title":"The national motorcycle helmet law at 2 years: review of its impact on the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in a major government hospital in Cambodia","volume":"125","author":"Venturini","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7547-6-17","article-title":"The costs of traumatic brain injury due to motorcycle accidents in Hanoi, Vietnam","volume":"6","author":"Hoang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cost Eff Resour Allocation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib23","first-page":"157","article-title":"The effect of alcohol on incidence, pattern, severity and outcome from traumatic brain injury","volume":"102","author":"Gururaj","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib25","first-page":"76","article-title":"Pediatric head injuries in a neurosurgery center of Nepal: an epidemiological perspective","volume":"3","author":"Karmacharya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/0189-6725.41630","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of paediatric head injury in eastern Nepal","volume":"5","author":"Agrawal","year":"2008","journal-title":"African J Paediatric Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.7.PEDS18394","article-title":"Abusive head trauma: evidence, obfuscation, and informed management: JNSPG 75th Anniversary Invited Review Article","volume":"24","author":"Duhaime","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.7196\/samj.7137","article-title":"Demographic profile of severe traumatic brain injury admissions to Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, 2006-2011","volume":"103","author":"Schrieff","year":"2013","journal-title":"South African Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306960","article-title":"Abusive head trauma and accidental head injury: a 20-year comparative study of referrals to a hospital child protection team","volume":"100","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dis Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3126\/tuj.v31i1-2.25355","article-title":"Situation of land transportation in Nepal","volume":"31","author":"Bhagat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tribhuvan Univ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib31","first-page":"10","article-title":"Head injuries in Kathmandu, Nepal","volume":"1","author":"McClennan","year":"2003","journal-title":"McMaster Univ Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib32","first-page":"321","article-title":"Spectrum of various patterns of injuries in cranio-cerebral trauma: CT evaluation","volume":"3","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind J Basic Applied Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib33","first-page":"2","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of motorcycle helmets: protection against head and brain injuries","volume":"8","author":"Lloyd","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Forensic Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250_bib34","series-title":"Handbook of Neurosurgery","author":"Greenberg","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875020309657?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875020309657?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:42:48Z","timestamp":1761813768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875020309657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1878875020309657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epidemiology and Pattern of Traumatic Brain Injuries at Annapurna Neurological Institute & Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.250","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}