{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:34:36Z","timestamp":1793716476673,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T20:43:05Z","timestamp":1596487385000},"page":"e482-e491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Optimizing Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Impact of Radiation Dose and Anatomic Target on Patient Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"143","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7276-3021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor Anne","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udochukwu","family":"Oyoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Boling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9060134","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a comparison of dose protocols","volume":"9","author":"Boling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib2","first-page":"383","article-title":"Pain in trigeminal neuralgia: neurophysiology and measurement: a comprehensive review","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000120790.69705.5b","article-title":"Studies on the operative outcomes and mechanisms of microvascular decompression in treating typical and atypical trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285609359317","article-title":"Treatment options in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"3","author":"Obermann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.9.3.323","article-title":"Update on trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"9","author":"Obermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199605000-00001","article-title":"Comparison of surgical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia: reevaluation of radiofrequency rhizotomy","volume":"38","author":"Taha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-013-1518-2","article-title":"Arterial compression of nerve is the primary cause of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.12.2347","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: pathology and pathogenesis","volume":"124","author":"Love","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416687280","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia\u2013 diagnosis and treatment","volume":"37","author":"Maarbjerg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2015.2.20140501","article-title":"Update on neuropathic pain treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. The pharmacological and surgical options","volume":"20","author":"Al-Quliti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.18.5.5","article-title":"Historical perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"18","author":"Cole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1159\/000468526","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery as initial surgical management for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"95","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000056421","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery as the first surgery for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"70","author":"Kondziolka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib14","first-page":"940","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a multiinstitutional study using the Gamma unit","volume":"84","author":"Kondziolka","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib15","first-page":"2","article-title":"Fifteen years of Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia in the Journal of Neurosurgery: history of a revolution in functional neurosurgery","volume":"115","author":"R\u00e9gis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1159\/000056492","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for primary trigeminal neuralgia using the Leksell Gamma unit","volume":"76","author":"Zheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255393.77538.75","article-title":"Influence of nerve radiation dose in the incidence of trigeminal dysfunction after trigeminal neuralgia radiosurgery","volume":"60","author":"Massager","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.01.043","article-title":"Effect of beam channel plugging on the outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"65","author":"Massager","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib19","first-page":"185","article-title":"Comparison of the results of 2 targeting methods in Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"109","author":"Matsuda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0610-0","article-title":"The retrogasserian zone versus dorsal root entry zone: comparison of two targeting techniques of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"152","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.05.058","article-title":"Dedicated linear accelerator radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a single-center experience in 179 patients with varied dose prescriptions and treatment plans","volume":"81","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib22","first-page":"716","article-title":"Impact of target location on the response of trigeminal neuralgia to stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"120","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib24","first-page":"173","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after Gamma Knife surgery for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: review of 76 consecutive cases","volume":"109","author":"Dellaretti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib25","first-page":"913","article-title":"Prospective controlled trial of gamma knife surgery for essential trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"104","author":"R\u00e9gis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00513-7","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of The Barrow Neurological Institute","volume":"47","author":"Rogers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Closing the gap between methodologists and end-users: R as a computational back-end","volume":"49","author":"Wallace","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib30","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Clinical Research","first-page":"317","article-title":"Meta-analysis of clinical trials","author":"Sun","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib31","first-page":"58","article-title":"High-dose trigeminal neuralgia radiosurgery associated with increased risk of trigeminal nerve dysfunction","volume":"49","author":"Pollock","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.09.222","article-title":"Dedicated linear accelerator radiosurgery for classic trigeminal neuralgia: a single-center experience with long-term follow-up","volume":"121","author":"Debono","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000083550.03928.D8","article-title":"Linear accelerator radiosurgery using 90 gray for essential trigeminal neuralgia: results and dose volume histogram analysis","volume":"53","author":"Goss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-011-0330-9","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery of essential trigeminal neuralgia using Leksell Gamma Knife model C with automatic positioning system: technical nuances and evaluation of outcome in 130 patients with at least 2 years follow-up after treatment","volume":"34","author":"Hayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1102-2","article-title":"LINAC stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia -retrospective two-institutional examination of treatment outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Rashid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib36","first-page":"316","article-title":"The stereotaxic method and radiosurgery of the brain","volume":"102","author":"Leksell","year":"1951","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib37","first-page":"185","article-title":"Gamma knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: improved initial response with two isocenters and increasing dose","volume":"102","author":"Alpert","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.04.013","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia treated with stereotactic radiosurgery: the effect of dose escalation on pain control and treatment outcomes","volume":"96","author":"Kotecha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000306104.68635.d4","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: results and potentially predictive parameters\u2013part I: Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"61","author":"Longhi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib40","first-page":"107","article-title":"Doses greater than 85 Gy and two isocenters in Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: updated results","volume":"105","author":"Morbidini-Gaffney","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A53","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000325937.00982.43","article-title":"Prognostic factors for radiosurgery treatment of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/12\/E8","article-title":"Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: long-term outcome and complications","volume":"23","author":"Fountas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib43","first-page":"434","article-title":"Gamma knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: outcomes and prognostic factors","volume":"102","author":"Sheehan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib44","first-page":"442","article-title":"Stereotactic gamma knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: detailed analysis of treatment response","volume":"102","author":"Tawk","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.141272","article-title":"Effect of radiation dose on the outcomes of gamma knife treatment for trigeminal neuralgia: a multi-factor analysis","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1159\/000313869","article-title":"Is it effective to raise the irradiation dose from 80 to 85 Gy in gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia?","volume":"88","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib47","first-page":"452","article-title":"A\u00a0proposed plan for personalized radiosurgery in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"128","author":"Mousavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-011-1026-1","article-title":"Computed tomography-guided \u03b3 knife stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"153","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.09.007","article-title":"Outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia after a minimum 3-year follow-up","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.01.006","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia as primary vs. secondary treatment option","volume":"113","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2003.11.027","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a study of predictors of success, efficacy, safety, and outcome at LSUHSC","volume":"61","author":"Shaya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000317313.46826.dc","article-title":"Cyberknife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia treatment: a preliminary multicenter experience","volume":"62","author":"Villavicencio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460900800602","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia utilizing the BrainLAB Novalis system","volume":"8","author":"Zahra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875020317289?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875020317289?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:53:35Z","timestamp":1761814415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875020317289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S1878875020317289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimizing Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Impact of Radiation Dose and Anatomic Target on Patient Outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.206","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}