{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T03:12:39Z","timestamp":1780715559519,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T01:39:10Z","timestamp":1598233150000},"page":"e296-e305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Incidence, Management, and Outcomes of Spinal Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in Adult Patients: A National Cancer Database Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Saavan","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8666-9001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan G.","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton L.","family":"Rosinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2516-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darius","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisse N.","family":"Chaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi S.","family":"Nunna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandana","family":"Behbahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit I.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1375570","article-title":"Primary tumors of the spine","volume":"18","author":"Orguc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199708010-00018","article-title":"A\u00a0system for surgical staging and management of spine tumors: a clinical outcome study of giant cell tumors of the spine","volume":"22","author":"Hart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B1.8421014","article-title":"Giant-cell tumours of the spine","volume":"75","author":"Sanjay","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib4","first-page":"S83","article-title":"Prevalence of primary spinal tumors: 15-year data from Siriraj Hospital","volume":"97","author":"Wilartratsami","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E37","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182233ccd","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of the mobile spine: a review of 49 cases","volume":"37","author":"Boriani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/01.coc.0000195089.11620.b7","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of bone","volume":"29","author":"Mendenhall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.10.045","article-title":"Management of spinal giant cell tumors","volume":"16","author":"Luksanapruksa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86934","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21168","article-title":"Nomograms for prognostic factors of spinal giant cell tumor combining traditional clinical characteristics with inflammatory biomarkers after gross total resection","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365090-00009","article-title":"Surgical treatment of giant-cell tumor of the spine: the experience at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli","volume":"65","author":"Savini","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.169","article-title":"Prognostic significance of preoperative plasma D-dimer level and clinical factors in patients with spinal giant cell tumor: retrospective analysis of 153 patients in a single center","volume":"122","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2707-6","article-title":"Factors affecting prognosis of patients with giant cell tumors of the mobile spine: retrospective analysis of 102 patients in a single center","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0963","article-title":"Craniospinal giant cell tumors: clinicoradiological analysis in a series of 11 cases","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib13","first-page":"69","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of the sacrum and spine: series of 23 cases and a review of the literature","volume":"30","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1159\/000334549","article-title":"Bisphosphonate therapy is effective in the treatment of sacral giant cell tumor","volume":"34","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Onkologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E396","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31823ed70d","article-title":"Regression of giant cell tumor of the cervical spine with bisphosphonate as single therapy","volume":"37","author":"Gille","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib16","first-page":"1609","article-title":"Effectiveness of intravenous bisphosphonate in treatment of giant cell tumor: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"91","author":"Arpornchayanon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1166","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182127f91","article-title":"Administration of sodium ibandronate in the treatment of complicated giant cell tumor of the spine","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.SPINE13937","article-title":"Giant cell tumors of the spine: has denosumab changed the treatment paradigm?","volume":"22","author":"Goldschlager","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01332","article-title":"A\u00a0translational study of the neoplastic cells of giant cell tumor of bone following neoadjuvant denosumab","volume":"96","author":"Mak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70277-8","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of denosumab for adults and skeletally mature adolescents with giant cell tumour of bone: interim analysis of an open-label, parallel-group, phase 2 study","volume":"14","author":"Chawla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70010-3","article-title":"Denosumab in patients with giant-cell tumour of bone: an open-label, phase 2 study","volume":"11","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.02.019","article-title":"Sustained long-term complete regression of a giant cell tumor of the spine after treatment with denosumab","volume":"14","author":"Mattei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"suppl 20","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001818","article-title":"Benign tumors of the spine: has new chemotherapy and interventional radiology changed the treatment paradigm?","volume":"41","author":"Charest-Morin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-019-02554-9","article-title":"Can denosumab cure giant cell tumors of the spine? A case report and literature review","volume":"30","author":"Xar\u00e1-Leite","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ba0024","article-title":"Aggressive \u201cbenign\u201d primary spine neoplasms: osteoblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, and giant cell tumor","volume":"34","author":"Harrop","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000151426.55933.be","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of MRI versus CT imaging for osteoid osteoma in children","volume":"433","author":"Hosalkar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000128643.38390.07","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of the pelvis and sacrum: 17 cases and analysis of the literature","volume":"423","author":"Leggon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200208000-00022","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of the spine","volume":"401","author":"Ozaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res (1976-2007)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10803","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with giant cell tumor of the sacrum treated with selective arterial embolization","volume":"95","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860000206","article-title":"Surgical treatment of giant cell tumours of the thoracic and lumbar spine: report of nine patients","volume":"10","author":"Fidler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200012000-00023","article-title":"Total sacrectomy and reconstruction: oncologic and functional outcome","volume":"381","author":"Wuisman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199911000-00008","article-title":"Megavoltage radiation therapy for axial and inoperable giant-cell tumor of bone","volume":"81","author":"Chakravarti","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197005)25:5<1061::AID-CNCR2820250509>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Giant-cell tumor: a study of 195 cases","volume":"25","author":"Dahlin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9067","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09486-6","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of primary giant cell tumors of the distal radium: a multicenter retrospective study in China","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2018.1490987","article-title":"Incidence and demographics of giant cell tumor of bone in The Netherlands: first nationwide pathology registry study","volume":"89","author":"Verschoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib36","series-title":"Dahlin\u2019s Bone Tumors: General Aspects and Data on 10,165 Cases","author":"Unni","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.144.5.955","article-title":"Caldwell Lecture. Giant cell tumor of bone: highlights of 407 cases","volume":"144","author":"Dahlin","year":"1985","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hym020","article-title":"The Japan cancer surveillance report: incidence of childhood, bone, penis and testis cancers","volume":"37","author":"Marugame","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib39","first-page":"38","article-title":"The epidemiological and clinical features of primary giant cell tumor around the knee: a report from the multicenter retrospective study in China","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670902804604","article-title":"Curettage of benign bone tumors without grafts gives sufficient bone strength","volume":"80","author":"Yanagawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2007.09.002","article-title":"Clinicopathologic profile of 470 giant cell tumors of bone from a cancer hospital in western India","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0560-9","article-title":"Metastatic behaviour of giant cell tumour of the spine","volume":"33","author":"Donthineni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv307","article-title":"Objective tumor response to denosumab in patients with giant cell tumor of bone: a multicenter phase II trial","volume":"26","author":"Ueda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4634-9","article-title":"Surgical downstaging in an open-label phase II trial of denosumab in patients with giant cell tumor of bone","volume":"22","author":"Rutkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2014.910313","article-title":"Effects of denosumab on pain and analgesic use in giant cell tumor of bone: interim results from a phase II study","volume":"53","author":"Martin-Broto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-0578","article-title":"Denosumab induces tumor reduction and bone formation in patients with giant-cell tumor of bone","volume":"18","author":"Branstetter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3129-4","article-title":"Recurrent giant cell tumour of the thoracic spine managed by total en bloc spondylectomy and denosumab therapy: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2015.58.3.248","article-title":"Clinical outcome of treatment for patients with giant cell tumor in spine","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3834-0","article-title":"Therapeutic radiotherapy for giant cell tumor of the spine: a systemic review","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318162454f","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of the cervical spine: a series of 22 cases and outcomes","volume":"33","author":"Junming","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002094","article-title":"En bloc resection versus intralesional surgery in the treatment of giant cell tumor of the spine","volume":"42","author":"Charest-Morin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3777-5","article-title":"Treatment and outcome of primary aggressive giant cell tumor in the spine","volume":"24","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875020319045?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875020319045?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:50:47Z","timestamp":1761814247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875020319045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S1878875020319045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Incidence, Management, and Outcomes of Spinal Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in Adult Patients: A National Cancer Database Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.135","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}