{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:48:42Z","timestamp":1780332522179,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003359","name":"Scoliosis Research Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T11:55:02Z","timestamp":1600430102000},"page":"e6-e13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Assessment of Rod Material Types in Spine Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer Z.","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc P.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asham","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel O.","family":"Popoola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander B.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adedayo","family":"Adetunji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bennett R.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4442-082X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justice O.","family":"Agyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pollina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Mullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2009.46.5.425","article-title":"Risk factors and surgical treatment for symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration after lumbar spine fusion","volume":"46","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-014-1421-4","article-title":"PEEK rod systems for the spine","volume":"24","author":"Mavrogenis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000137069.88904.03","article-title":"Adjacent segment disease after lumbar or lumbosacral fusion: review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.14444\/5027","article-title":"Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods for lumbar fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Selim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.04.022","article-title":"Rods in spinal surgery: a review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.14245\/kjs.2016.13.2.57","article-title":"Clinical and radiological comparison of Semirigid (WavefleX) and rigid system for the lumbar spine","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.031","article-title":"Comparative study between cobalt chrome and titanium alloy rods for multilevel spinal fusion: proximal junctional kyphosis more frequently occurred in patients having cobalt chrome rods","volume":"103","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib8","first-page":"PC17","article-title":"Clinical and radiological outcome in cases of posterolateral fusion with instrumentation for lumbar spondylolisthesis","volume":"9","author":"Nayak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0905-z","article-title":"Clinical experiences with a PEEK-based dynamic instrumentation device in lumbar spinal surgery: 2 years and no more","volume":"13","author":"Oikonomidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E371","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318277cb9b","article-title":"Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods in lumbar spine degenerative disease: a case series","volume":"29","author":"Ormond","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e951","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20130624-28","article-title":"Posterior spinal fusion using pedicle screws","volume":"36","author":"Athanasakopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-013-1772-3","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of PEEK rods versus titanium alloy rods in lumbar fusion: a preliminary report","volume":"155","author":"Qi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib14","series-title":"Biometry","author":"Sokal","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3180590c23","article-title":"Lumbar decompression and fusion in elderly osteoporotic patients: a prospective study using less rigid titanium rod fixation","volume":"21","author":"Cavagna","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2219-x","article-title":"Posterior lumbar fusion by peek rods in degenerative spine: preliminary report on 30 cases","volume":"21","author":"De Iure","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182672aab","article-title":"Assessment of symptomatic rod fracture after posterior instrumented fusion for adult spinal deformity","volume":"71","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.02.005","article-title":"Rod stiffness as a risk factor of proximal junctional kyphosis after adult spinal deformity surgery: comparative study between cobalt chrome multiple-rod constructs and titanium alloy two-rod constructs","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-0913-2","article-title":"Non-fusion procedure using PEEK rod systems for lumbar degenerative diseases: clinical experience with a 2-year follow-up","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.018","article-title":"Rod fracture and related factors after total en bloc spondylectomy","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib21","first-page":"91","article-title":"Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods: short-term results in lumbar spine degenerative disease","volume":"59","author":"Colangeli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0464-4","article-title":"Rod fracture after long construct fusion for spinal deformity: clinical and radiographic risk factors","volume":"18","author":"Akazawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.SPINE131176","article-title":"Prospective multicenter assessment of risk factors for rod fracture following surgery for adult spinal deformity","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.071","article-title":"Rod fracture after apparently solid radiographic fusion in adult spinal deformity patients","volume":"117","author":"Daniels","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508788","article-title":"Laminectomy plus fusion versus laminectomy alone for lumbar spondylolisthesis","volume":"374","author":"Ghogawala","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.02.008","article-title":"Rod fracture in adult spinal deformity surgery fused to the sacrum: prevalence, risk factors, and impact on health-related quality of life in 526 patients","volume":"18","author":"Lertudomphonwanit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100005","article-title":"Perioperative adverse events after different fusion approaches for single-level lumbar spondylosis","volume":"1","author":"Gala","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Am Spine Soc J (Nassj)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/jcvjs.JCVJS_10_20","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of reoperation in patients with adjacent segment disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Burch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniovertebr Junction Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-015-0056-5","article-title":"Risk factors for rod fracture after posterior correction of adult spinal deformity with osteotomy: a retrospective case-series","volume":"10","author":"Barton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7541","DOI":"10.4081\/or.2018.7541","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison between titanium and cobalt chromium rods used in a pedicle subtraction osteotomy model","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop Rev (Pavia)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6032","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006032","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of adjacent segment disease following posterior decompression and instrumented fusion for degenerative lumbar disorders","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opz128","article-title":"Incidence of acute, progressive, and delayed proximal junctional kyphosis over an 8-year period in adult spinal deformity patients","volume":"18","author":"Segreto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000172160.78207.49","article-title":"Analysis of stress distribution in lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"30","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217752130","article-title":"Surgical site infections in spine surgery: preoperative prevention strategies to minimize risk","volume":"8","author":"Spina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.01.001","article-title":"Early adherence and biofilm formation of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) on spinal implant materials","volume":"20","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075_bib36","first-page":"193","article-title":"Late postoperative infection following spinal instrumentation: stainless steel versus titanium implants","volume":"17","author":"Soultanis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Orthop Adv"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875020320830?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875020320830?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:58:08Z","timestamp":1761814688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875020320830"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S1878875020320830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessment of Rod Material Types in Spine Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.09.075","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}