{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T22:42:30Z","timestamp":1781476950143,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T12:46:16Z","timestamp":1607431576000},"page":"e1301-e1306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Minimally Invasive Approach Toward Percutaneous Direct Pars Repair: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2004-2991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melih","family":"\u00dc\u00e7er","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197606000-00003","article-title":"Classification of spondylolisis and spondylolisthesis","volume":"117","author":"Wiltse","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466050-00008","article-title":"The natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis","volume":"66","author":"Fredrickson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810100495","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in the pediatric and adolescent population","volume":"17","author":"Logroscino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199605000-00014","article-title":"Competitive sports and the progression of spondylolisthesis","volume":"16","author":"Muschik","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1053\/radi.2000.0299","article-title":"The prevalence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in symptomatic elite athletes: radiographic findings","volume":"7","author":"Rossi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500220","article-title":"Lumbar spondylolysis. A study of natural progression in athletes","volume":"25","author":"Congeni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2015.08.024","article-title":"A\u00a0minimally invasive approach to defects of the pars interarticularis: restoring function in competitive athletes","volume":"139","author":"Gillis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib8","first-page":"285","article-title":"My method of filing the lesion with spongy bone in spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis [in Japanese]","volume":"19","author":"Kimura","year":"1968","journal-title":"Seikei Geka"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.52B3.432","article-title":"Direct repair of the defect in spondylolisthesis. Preliminary report","volume":"52","author":"Buck","year":"1970","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198612000-00011","article-title":"Lytic spondylolysis. Repair by wiring","volume":"11","author":"Nicol","year":"1986","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00435550","article-title":"Surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis by bone grafting and direct stabilization of spondylolysis by means of a hook screw","volume":"103","author":"Morscher","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199609010-00023","article-title":"Repair of defects in spondylolysis by segmental pedicular screw hook fixation. A preliminary report","volume":"21","author":"Tokuhashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E15","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC\/2008\/25\/8\/E15","article-title":"Minimally invasive direct repair of lumbar spondylolysis with a pedicle screw and hook construct","volume":"25","author":"Noggle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199801150-00023","article-title":"Repair of the pars interarticularis defect with a cable-screw construct. A preliminary report","volume":"23","author":"Songer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199906150-00014","article-title":"Direct repair of spondylolysis without spondylolisthesis, using a rod-screw construct and bone grafting of the pars defect","volume":"24","author":"Gillet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770130405","article-title":"A\u00a0critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena","volume":"13","author":"Wewers","year":"1990","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000113869.13209.03","article-title":"Validation of the Turkish version of the Oswestry disability index for patients with low back pain","volume":"29","author":"Yakut","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153050-00004","article-title":"Negative disc exploration: an analysis of the cause of nerve root involvement in sixty-eight patients","volume":"53","author":"Macnab","year":"1971","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153070-00005","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in children and teen-agers","volume":"53","author":"Turner","year":"1971","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib20","first-page":"132","article-title":"Prevalence of spondylolisthesis in a population of gymnasts","volume":"158","author":"Toueg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20051101-12","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in the athlete","volume":"28","author":"Cassidy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(18)30102-5","article-title":"Spondylolysis","volume":"11","author":"Standaert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659078","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/659078","article-title":"Minimally invasive direct repair of bilateral lumbar spine pars defects in athletes","volume":"2013","author":"Widi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170130017004","article-title":"Back pain in young athletes. Significant differences from adults in causes and patterns","volume":"149","author":"Micheli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B4.7615609","article-title":"Lumbar spondylolysis in children and adolescents","volume":"77","author":"Morita","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200209150-00011","article-title":"Correlation of pelvic incidence with low- and high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis","volume":"27","author":"Hanson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0348-4","article-title":"Is there a sagittal imbalance of the spine in isthmic spondylolisthesis? A correlation study","volume":"16","author":"Vialle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-0942-0","article-title":"Lumbar spondylolysis: a review","volume":"40","author":"Leone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e318163be50","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in the athlete","volume":"16","author":"Tallarico","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.21.4.5","article-title":"Lumbar spine injuries in athletes","volume":"21","author":"Dunn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262194","article-title":"Long-term functional and anatomical follow-up of early detected spondylolysis in young athletes","volume":"32","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E691","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001929","article-title":"Percutaneous direct repair of a pars defect using intraoperative computed tomography scan: a modification of the Buck technique","volume":"42","author":"Nourbakhsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib33","first-page":"318","article-title":"Repair of isthmic pars interarticularis fractures: a literature review of conventional and minimally invasive techniques","volume":"63","author":"Raffa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.5.SPINE13772","article-title":"Spondylolysis outcomes in adolescents after direct screw repair of the pars interarticularis","volume":"21","author":"Snyder","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000043","article-title":"Clinical results and functional outcomes after direct intralaminar screw repair of spondylolysis","volume":"39","author":"Menga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4152-2","article-title":"Percutaneous pars interarticularis screw fixation: a technical note","volume":"2","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2015.06.008","article-title":"Is arthroscopic assisted percutaneous screw fixation as good as open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures?","volume":"22","author":"Yeap","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318277cb7d","article-title":"Comparison of direct pars repair techniques of spondylolysis in pediatric and adolescent patients: pars compression screw versus pedicle screw-rod-hook","volume":"29","author":"Karatas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870010-00004","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Treatment by internal fixation and bone-grafting of the defect","volume":"70","author":"Pedersen","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.FOCUS17153","article-title":"Minimally invasive direct pars repair with cannulated screws and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein: case series and review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Ghobrial","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.03.026","article-title":"Success and failure of percutaneous minimally invasive direct pars repair: analysis of fracture morphology","volume":"126","author":"Fayed","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198909000-00011","article-title":"The prevalence of disc degeneration associated with neural arch defects of the lumbar spine assessed by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"14","author":"Szypryt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B2.13074","article-title":"Clinical outcome and return to sport after the surgical treatment of spondylolysis in young athletes","volume":"85","author":"Debnath","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-014-1560-7","article-title":"Management of spondylolysis and low-grade spondylolisthesis in fine athletes. A comprehensive review","volume":"25","author":"Bouras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000042251.62696.A5","article-title":"Direct stabilization of lumbar spondylolysis with a hook screw: mean 11-year follow-up period for 113 patients","volume":"28","author":"Ivanic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.9.FOCUS11180","article-title":"Direct surgical repair of spondylolysis in athletes: indications, techniques, and outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Drazin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC\/2008\/25\/8\/E13","article-title":"Minimally invasive image-guided direct repair of bilateral L-5 pars interarticularis defects","volume":"25","author":"Brennan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2536-9","article-title":"Computed tomography- and fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous screw fixation of low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults: a new technique","volume":"22","author":"Amoretti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.77133","article-title":"Direct repair of lumbar spondylolysis by Buck\u2019s technique","volume":"45","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.06.011","article-title":"Buck\u2019s direct repair of lumbar spondylolysis restores disc stresses at the involved and adjacent levels","volume":"21","author":"Sairyo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol Avon)"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187887502032550X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187887502032550X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:54:09Z","timestamp":1761814449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187887502032550X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S187887502032550X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Minimally Invasive Approach Toward Percutaneous Direct Pars Repair: An Observational Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.165","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}