{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T09:03:27Z","timestamp":1761815007891,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T00:10:36Z","timestamp":1610237436000},"page":"38-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["4-Point C2 Fixation for Occipitocervical Fusion: Technical Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"John K.","family":"Houten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merritt D.","family":"Kinon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gila R.","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.06.014","article-title":"Indications for surgery and stabilization techniques of the occipito-cervical junction","volume":"36","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.1999.91.2.0144","article-title":"Rigid occipitocervical fusion","volume":"91","author":"Vale","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.SPINE08143","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of occipital cervical fusion: techniques and outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Winegar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199901010-00003","article-title":"Occipital screw pullout strength. A biomechanical investigation of occipital morphology","volume":"24","author":"Haher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.03.019","article-title":"Cervical pedicle screws vs. lateral mass screws: uniplanar fatigue analysis and residual pullout strengths","volume":"6","author":"Johnston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib6","first-page":"145","article-title":"Occipital fixation techniques and complications","volume":"6","author":"Macki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000369611.97009.B2","article-title":"Biomechanical implications of extending occipitocervical instrumentation to include the subaxial spine","volume":"66","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001340","article-title":"Occipitocervical fixation: a single surgeon's experience with 120 patients","volume":"79","author":"Martinez-Del-Campo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03258-6","article-title":"Outcomes of occipitocervical fixation using a spinous process screw in C2 as a third anchor point for occipitocervical fixation: a case presentation","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.06.072","article-title":"Sagittal range of motion after extensive cervical fusion","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32199-4","article-title":"The clinical biomechanics of the occipitoatlantoaxial complex","volume":"9","author":"White","year":"1978","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000242428.06737.dd","article-title":"Cervical spine range of motion in children with posterior occipitocervical arthrodesis","volume":"26","author":"Wills","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy245","article-title":"Improved cosmetic outcome with bilateral paraspinal muscle flap closure following cervical laminectomy and fusion","volume":"17","author":"Weinstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib14","first-page":"500","article-title":"Odontoid upward migration in rheumatoid arthritis. An analysis of 45 patients with \"cranial settling","volume":"63","author":"Menezes","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163030-00003","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of the progression of rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine","volume":"63","author":"Pellicci","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190139","article-title":"Cervical spine involvement among patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated actively with treat-to-target strategy: 10-year results of the NEO-RACo study","volume":"47","author":"Sandstrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-006-0789-2","article-title":"Bone tumors at the cranio-cervical junction. Surgical management and results from a series of 41 cases","volume":"148","author":"George","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199909000-00007","article-title":"Occipitocervical fusion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Grob","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1159\/000334310","article-title":"Morquio's syndrome and craniocervical instability","volume":"47","author":"Houten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.11.013","article-title":"Predictive abilities of O-C2a and O-EAa for the development of postoperative dysphagia in patients undergoing occipitocervical fusion","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/07\/040","article-title":"Range of motion change after cervical arthroplasty with ProDisc-C and prestige artificial discs compared with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2157-7","article-title":"The effect of multilevel anterior cervical fusion on neck motion","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.108","article-title":"Accuracy of screw placement and clinical outcomes after O-arm-navigated occipitocervical fusion","volume":"117","author":"Jing","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.3.PEDS13626","article-title":"Fixation with C-2 laminar screws in occipitocervical or C1-2 constructs in children 5 years of age or younger: a series of 18 patients","volume":"14","author":"Savage","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.6.SPINE171390","article-title":"Differences in fixation strength among constructs of atlantoaxial fixation","volume":"30","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816c915b","article-title":"Salvage of C2 pedicle and pars screws using the intralaminar technique: a biomechanical analysis","volume":"33","author":"Lehman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E12","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000063","article-title":"Comparison of fatigue strength of C2 pedicle screws, C2 pars screws, and a hybrid construct in C1-C2 fixation","volume":"39","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/0268869021000030302","article-title":"Craniocervical fusion for rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of sublaminar wires and the lateral mass screw craniocervical fusion","volume":"16","author":"Shad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219877878","article-title":"Occipitocervical fixation: general considerations and surgical technique","volume":"10","author":"Joaquim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Spine J"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875021000036?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875021000036?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:59:20Z","timestamp":1761814760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875021000036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S1878875021000036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1878-8750"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"4-Point C2 Fixation for Occipitocervical Fusion: Technical Case Report","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.12.159","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}