{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T07:38:46Z","timestamp":1777793926248,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T02:53:32Z","timestamp":1622516012000},"page":"e369-e376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of Screw Diameter on Pedicle Screw Fatigue Strength\u2014A Biomechanical Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9353-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lennart","family":"Viezens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Sellenschloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"P\u00fcschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Morlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Weiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200010000-00013","article-title":"The use of pedicle-screw internal fixation for the operative treatment of spinal disorders","volume":"82","author":"Gaines","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3768-6","article-title":"Pedicle screw loosening: a clinically relevant complication?","volume":"24","author":"Galbusera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.4.SPINE09764","article-title":"Evaluation of pullout strength and failure mechanism of posterior instrumentation in normal and osteopenic thoracic vertebrae","volume":"13","author":"Paxinos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-011-1439-6","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative study on screw loosening in osteoporotic lumbar spine fusion between expandable and conventional pedicle screws","volume":"132","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219864341","article-title":"Screw loosening in posterior spine fusion: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"10","author":"Marie-Hardy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199411000-00008","article-title":"Effects of bone mineral density on pedicle screw fixation","volume":"19","author":"Halvorson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5091-x","article-title":"Insufficient stability of pedicle screws in osteoporotic vertebrae: biomechanical correlation of bone mineral density and pedicle screw fixation strength","volume":"26","author":"Weiser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199106000-00009","article-title":"Importance of bone mineral density in instrumented spine fusions","volume":"16","author":"Wittenberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4648-9","article-title":"Decreasing trend of bone mineral density in US multiethnic population: analysis of continuous NHANES 2005-2014","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3904-3","article-title":"Effect of augmentation techniques on the failure of pedicle screws under cranio-caudal cyclic loading","volume":"26","author":"Bostelmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-016-0750-x","article-title":"Pedicle screw augmentation in osteoporotic spine: indications, limitations and technical aspects","volume":"43","author":"Hoppe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1219","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001058","article-title":"Integrity of damage control posterior spinal fusion constructs for patients with polytrauma: a biomechanical investigation","volume":"40","author":"Pekmezci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B8.37413","article-title":"Cement augmentation versus extended dorsal instrumentation in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a biomechanical comparison","volume":"98-B","author":"Weiser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05985-4","article-title":"The cement leakage in cement-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation in degenerative lumbosacral diseases: a retrospective analysis of 202 cases and 950 augmented pedicle screws","volume":"28","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.01.009","article-title":"Risk of cement leakage and pulmonary embolism by bone cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation of the thoracolumbar spine","volume":"17","author":"Janssen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B8.24237","article-title":"The biomechanics of pedicle screw-based instrumentation","volume":"92","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199711010-00007","article-title":"Structural characteristics of the pedicle and its role in screw stability","volume":"22","author":"Hirano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06593-3","article-title":"Cortical threaded pedicle screw improves fatigue strength in decreased bone quality","volume":"30","author":"Weiser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199408000-00016","article-title":"The effects of pedicle screw fit: an in\u00a0vitro study","volume":"19","author":"Brantley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.10.009","article-title":"Effect of pedicle screw diameter on screw fixation efficacy in human osteoporotic thoracic vertebrae","volume":"70","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199311000-00045","article-title":"Effect of screw diameter, insertion technique, and bone cement augmentation of pedicular screw fixation strength","volume":"296","author":"Wittenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3476-7","article-title":"Influence of the screw augmentation technique and a diameter increase on pedicle screw fixation in the osteoporotic spine: pullout versus fatigue testing","volume":"23","author":"Kueny","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181882cac","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of different techniques in revision spinal instrumentation: larger diameter screws versus cement augmentation","volume":"33","author":"Kiner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2199-x","article-title":"Analysis of lumbar pedicle morphology in degenerative spines using multiplanar reconstruction computed tomography: what can be the reliable index for optimal pedicle screw diameter?","volume":"21","author":"Makino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(96)00103-0","article-title":"Loads on an internal spinal fixation device during walking","volume":"30","author":"Rohlmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.11.001","article-title":"The risks of pedicle wall breech with larger screws after undertapping","volume":"7","author":"Chin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.11.006","article-title":"Clinically significant pedicle screw malposition is an underestimated cause of radiculopathy","volume":"18","author":"Woo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-004-1422-9","article-title":"Accuracy of pedicle screw placement in thoracic spine fractures","volume":"30","author":"Zdichavsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-001-0283-8","article-title":"[Definition of pedicle malposition: primary stability and loosening characteristics of pedicle screws in relation to position: spongious anchoring, cortical anchoring, perforation and malposition]","volume":"31","author":"Reichle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orthopade"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875021008032?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875021008032?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T09:00:03Z","timestamp":1761814803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875021008032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S1878875021008032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of Screw Diameter on Pedicle Screw Fatigue Strength\u2014A Biomechanical Evaluation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.108","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}