{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:26:48Z","timestamp":1790864808973,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019804","name":"Ulrich Medical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T11:40:09Z","timestamp":1631187609000},"page":"e805-e813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Surgical Treatment of Intraorbital Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8897-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Kaywan","family":"Aftahy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Krauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Barz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9947-2240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6486-7955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Negwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Gempt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib1","series-title":"The Diagnosis and Management of Orbital Tumors","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/11\/E11","article-title":"Orbital tumors treated using transcranial approaches: surgical technique and neuroophthalmogical results in 41 patients","volume":"23","author":"Margalit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/26.CN_suppl_1.479","article-title":"Microsurgical approach to orbital tumors","volume":"26","author":"Maroon","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib4","first-page":"548","article-title":"Maxillectomy with preservation of orbital function","volume":"27","author":"Adkins","year":"1976","journal-title":"Surg Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2001.10.5.3","article-title":"A\u00a0reappraisal of surgery for orbital tumors. Part I: extraorbital approaches","volume":"10","author":"Bejjani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2001.10.5.4","article-title":"Surgery for orbital tumors. Part II: transorbital approaches","volume":"10","author":"Cockerham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000245600.92322.06","article-title":"Tuberculum sellae meningiomas: clinical outcome considering different surgical approaches","volume":"59","author":"Nakamura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib8","first-page":"198","article-title":"The extended frontal approach to tumors of the anterior, middle, and posterior skull base","volume":"76","author":"Sekhar","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0301-x","article-title":"The supraorbital approach\u2014a minimally invasive approach to the superior orbit","volume":"151","author":"Hassler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.039974","article-title":"Surgical management of tuberculum sellae meningiomas: involvement of the optic canal and visual outcome","volume":"76","author":"Schick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9183-5_3","article-title":"Surgical treatment of olfactory groove meningiomas using the pterional approach","volume":"53","author":"Hassler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198912000-00014","article-title":"Pterional approach for surgical treatment of olfactory groove meningiomas","volume":"25","author":"Hassler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.09.238","article-title":"Selection strategy for optimal keyhole approaches for middle cerebral artery aneurysms: lateral supraorbital versus minipterional craniotomy","volume":"122","author":"Esposito","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.08.004","article-title":"Treatment of deep vascular orbital malformations","volume":"111","author":"Schick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.09.043","article-title":"Planum sphenoidale and tuberculum sellae meningiomas: operative nuances of a modern surgical technique with outcome and proposal of a new classification system","volume":"86","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-006-0055-3","article-title":"Cavernous malformations of the orbit: a distinct entity?","volume":"30","author":"Hejazi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0902-4441.2003.00192.x","article-title":"Treatment of primary orbital lymphomas","volume":"72","author":"Schick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2015.10.009","article-title":"Endoscopic transnasal approach for orbital tumors: a report of four cases","volume":"43","author":"Arai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21267","article-title":"Endoscopic resection of orbital hemangiomas","volume":"4","author":"Chhabra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818815881","article-title":"Long-term outcome for open and endoscopically resected sinonasal tumors","volume":"160","author":"Hagemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.308","article-title":"Visual function alterations in orbital tumors and factors predicting visual outcome after surgery","volume":"26","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib23","first-page":"S265","article-title":"Surgery of tuberculum sellae meningioma: a technical purview on pterional approach","volume":"79","author":"Nanda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(03)00136-8","article-title":"Surgical treatment of orbital cavernomas","volume":"60","author":"Schick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(22)90261-2","article-title":"Prechiasmal intracranial tumors of the optic nerves","volume":"5","author":"Dandy","year":"1922","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib26","first-page":"604","article-title":"Surgical treatment of unilateral optic nerve gliomas","volume":"31","author":"Housepian","year":"1969","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib27","first-page":"15","article-title":"Pterional approach to the orbits for decompression or tumor removal","volume":"21","author":"Hamby","year":"1964","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1953.01260040377009","article-title":"Transcranial removal of intraorbital tumors","volume":"67","author":"Love","year":"1953","journal-title":"AMA Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/11.CN_suppl_1.76","article-title":"Orbital tumors in children","volume":"11","author":"MacCarty","year":"1964","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2020.00001","article-title":"Cranio-orbital and orbitocranial approaches to orbital and intracranial disease: eye-opening approaches for neurosurgeons","volume":"7","author":"Abou-Al-Shaar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib31","first-page":"951","article-title":"Surgical management of meningiomas involving the optic nerve sheath","volume":"101","author":"Schick","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(88)90882-3","article-title":"The management of optic nerve sheath meningiomas","volume":"106","author":"Kennerdell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib33","first-page":"264","article-title":"Quantitative verification of the keyhole concept: a comparison of area of exposure in the parasellar region via supraorbital keyhole, frontotemporal pterional, and supraorbital approaches","volume":"118","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-189001000-00009","article-title":"Kroenlein on the pathology and operative treatment of dermoid cysts of the orbits","volume":"11","author":"Kr\u00f6nlein","year":"1890","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib35","first-page":"185","article-title":"Removal of tumours of the orbital apex via a postero-lateral orbitotomy","volume":"42","author":"Carta","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199809000-00006","article-title":"Deep transorbital approach to the apex and cavernous sinus","volume":"14","author":"Goldberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1989.tb00551.x","article-title":"Cavernous haemangiomas of the orbit","volume":"17","author":"McNab","year":"1989","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1954.00920040619006","article-title":"A\u00a0modified Kr\u00f6nlein operation","volume":"51","author":"Berke","year":"1954","journal-title":"AMA Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.44.12.718","article-title":"A\u00a0plea for lateral orbitotomy: with certain modifications","volume":"44","author":"Stallard","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538909060142","article-title":"Surgical approaches to orbital tumors","volume":"4","author":"Kennerdell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib41","first-page":"859","article-title":"Transconjunctival approach to a large cavernoma of the orbit","volume":"34","author":"Hassler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1941.00870080015001","article-title":"Results following the transcranial operative attack on orbital tumors","volume":"25","author":"Dandy","year":"1941","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib43","first-page":"153","article-title":"Recent advances in orbital tumors\u2014a review of publications from 2014-2016","volume":"6","author":"Honavar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304460","article-title":"Cavernous venous malformations of the orbit (so-called cavernous haemangioma): a comprehensive evaluation of their clinical, imaging and histologic nature","volume":"98","author":"Rootman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e328","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12052","article-title":"Orbital apex cavernous hemangioma\u2014beware of the pear!","volume":"91","author":"Kloos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830902897470","article-title":"Orbital metastasis: clinical features, management and outcome","volume":"28","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.9.1.35.1718","article-title":"Metastatic orbital tumors in Japan: a review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Amemiya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(90)90045-W","article-title":"Tumors metastatic to the orbit: a changing picture","volume":"35","author":"Goldberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2013.853806","article-title":"Orbital solitary fibrous tumor: a case series with review of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Le","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.890433","article-title":"Primary orbital tumors: a review of 122 cases during a 23-year period: a histo-clinical study in material from the ENT Department of the Medical University of Silesia","volume":"20","author":"Markowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.01.002","article-title":"Survey of 1264 patients with orbital tumors and simulating lesions: the 2002 Montgomery Lecture, part 1","volume":"111","author":"Shields","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-004-0147-y","article-title":"A\u00a0review of 244 orbital tumors in Japanese patients during a 21-year period: origins and locations","volume":"49","author":"Ohtsuka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib53","first-page":"212","article-title":"Transcranial surgery through pterional approach for removal of cranio-orbital tumors by an interdisciplinary team of neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.181","article-title":"Orbital tumors: report of 70 surgically treated cases","volume":"119","author":"Montano","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875021013498?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875021013498?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:58:03Z","timestamp":1761814683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875021013498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S1878875021013498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Surgical Treatment of Intraorbital Lesions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}