{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:01:14Z","timestamp":1793059274337,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81860225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81860225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013064","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20203BBG73060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20203BBG73060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013064","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T11:56:27Z","timestamp":1637754987000},"page":"e856-e864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Glycyrrhizic Acid Attenuates the Inflammatory Response After Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein Through the p38\/Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Zhiwu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaxin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengcai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenke","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577688","article-title":"Disrupting RhoA activity by blocking Arhgef3 expression mitigates microglia-induced neuroinflammation post spinal cord contusion","volume":"359","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-021-00606-5","article-title":"MicroRNA-182 improves spinal cord injury in mice by modulating apoptosis and the inflammatory response via IKKbeta\/NF-kappaB","volume":"101","author":"Fei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.05.029","article-title":"Acrolein contributes to the neuropathic pain and neuron damage after ischemic-reperfusion spinal cord injury","volume":"384","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.245480","article-title":"Deferoxamine promotes recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury by inhibiting ferroptosis","volume":"14","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136151","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits inflammation after spinal cord injury via SIRT-1\/NF-kappaB signaling pathway","volume":"762","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.02.006","article-title":"Polydatin alleviates traumatic spinal cord injury by reducing microglial inflammation via regulation of iNOS and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway","volume":"70","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03381-3","article-title":"The effects of incensole acetate on neuro-inflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats","volume":"46","author":"Marefati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107986","article-title":"(-)-Syringaresinol suppressed LPS-induced microglia activation via downregulation of NF-kappaB p65 signaling and interaction with ERbeta","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107623","article-title":"Sepsis-induced acute lung injury in young rats is relieved by calycosin through inactivating the HMGB1\/MyD88\/NF-kappaB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20193315","article-title":"MicroRNA-129-5p alleviates spinal cord injury in mice via suppressing the apoptosis and inflammatory response through HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-kappaB pathway","volume":"40","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-018-0817-3","article-title":"Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs): the derivatives and triggers of inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4609","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134609","article-title":"HMGB1-mediated neuroinflammatory responses in brain injuries: potential mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"21","author":"Paudel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01973-4","article-title":"Inhibiting HMGB1-RAGE axis prevents pro-inflammatory macrophages\/microglia polarization and affords neuroprotection after spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147511","article-title":"MiR-216a-5p ameliorates learning-memory deficits and neuroinflammatory response of Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice via regulation of HMGB1\/NF-kappaB signaling","volume":"1766","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MA0721-007R","article-title":"High mobility group box-1 serves a pathogenic role in spinal cord injury via the promotion of pro-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030564","article-title":"The immune tolerance role of the HMGB1-RAGE axis","volume":"10","author":"Watanabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630222","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.630222","article-title":"Catalpol protects against spinal cord injury in mice through regulating microRNA-142-mediated HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-kappaB signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9100512","article-title":"HMGB1-triggered inflammation inhibition of notoginseng leaf triterpenes against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways","volume":"9","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0255-7","article-title":"ERK signalling: a master regulator of cell behaviour, life and fate","volume":"21","author":"Lavoie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2011","article-title":"Mammalian MAPK signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation: a 10-year update","volume":"92","author":"Kyriakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00031-10","article-title":"Activation and function of the MAPKs and their substrates, the MAPK-activated protein kinases","volume":"75","author":"Cargnello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.07.007","article-title":"ERK5: structure, regulation and function","volume":"24","author":"Nithianandarajah-Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib23","author":"Yao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107780","article-title":"Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in mice via the JNK and p38 MAPK-mediated NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"98","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12235","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin conjugated chitosan nanoparticles for hepatocyte-targeted delivery of lamivudine","volume":"66","author":"Mishra","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106578","article-title":"Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates hepatic inflammation injury in viral hepatitis disease via a HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway","volume":"84","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2021.1939371","article-title":"Glycyrrhizic acid, as an inhibitor of HMGB1, alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice through the MAPK and Smad3 pathways","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5642","article-title":"Inhibiting high mobility group box-1 reduces early spinal cord edema and attenuates astrocyte activation and aquaporin-4 expression after spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1070","article-title":"Characterization of a novel brain-derived microglial cell line isolated from neonatal rat brain","volume":"35","author":"Cheepsunthorn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040732","article-title":"Long coding RNA XIST contributes to neuronal apoptosis through the downregulation of AKT phosphorylation and is negatively regulated by miR-494 in rat spinal cord injury","volume":"18","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134649","article-title":"Knockdown of long noncoding RNA XIST mitigates the apoptosis and inflammatory injury of microglia cells after spinal cord injury through miR-27a\/Smurf1 axis","volume":"715","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.02.102","article-title":"Inhibition of HMGB1 mediates neuroprotection of traumatic brain injury by modulating the microglia\/macrophage polarization","volume":"497","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2011.151","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin attenuates rat ischemic spinal cord injury by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and HMGB1","volume":"33","author":"Gong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.06.026","article-title":"HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced injury in rats","volume":"61","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109419","article-title":"Tau oligomer induced HMGB1 release contributes to cellular senescence and neuropathology linked to Alzheimer\u2019s disease and frontotemporal dementia","volume":"36","author":"Gaikwad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6904","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136904","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of RAGE and advances in small-molecule inhibitors","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05633.x","article-title":"Differential migration, LPS-induced cytokine, chemokine, and NO expression in immortalized BV-2 and HAPI cell lines and primary microglial cultures","volume":"107","author":"Horvath","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1911.04260090100008","article-title":"Surgery of experimental lesion of spinal cord equivalent to crush injury of fracture dislocation of spinal column: a preliminary report","volume":"LVII","author":"Allen","year":"1911","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S128848","article-title":"Nerve growth factor delivery by ultrasound-mediated nanobubble destruction as a treatment for acute spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13460","article-title":"Zinc provides neuroprotection by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome through autophagy and ubiquitination in a spinal contusion injury model","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.01.067","article-title":"The effect of estrogen-related receptor alpha on the regulation of angiogenesis after spinal cord injury","volume":"290","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467213666201230101811","article-title":"Intrathecal administration of melatonin ameliorates the neuroinflammation-mediated sensory and motor dysfunction in a rat model of compression spinal cord injury","volume":"14","author":"Fakhri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3937","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1347-7","article-title":"Sodium butyrate exerts neuroprotective effects in spinal cord injury","volume":"56","author":"Lanza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875021017964?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875021017964?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T09:03:32Z","timestamp":1761815012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875021017964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1878875021017964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Glycyrrhizic Acid Attenuates the Inflammatory Response After Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein Through the p38\/Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.11.085","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}