{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:47:04Z","timestamp":1775000824822,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T11:30:51Z","timestamp":1647084651000},"page":"e457-e467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Analysis of Angiographic Treatment Response to Intra-Arterial Nimodipine Bolus Injection in Patients with Medically Refractory Cerebral Vasospasm After Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"162","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannes","family":"Schacht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"K\u00fcchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5651-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Volker M.","family":"Tronnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2925-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Ditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70126-7","article-title":"Changes in case fatality of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and region: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Nieuwkamp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60153-6","article-title":"Subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"369","author":"van Gijn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.11","article-title":"Clinical relevance of cerebral autoregulation following subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Budohoski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.226","article-title":"Spreading depolarization: a possible new culprit in the delayed cerebral ischemia of subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"68","author":"Leng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.74","article-title":"Microthrombosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an additional explanation for delayed cerebral ischemia","volume":"28","author":"Vergouwen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.597005","article-title":"Angiographic vasospasm is strongly correlated with cerebral infarction after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"42","author":"Crowley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1447-6","article-title":"Management of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"20","author":"Francoeur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303173081103","article-title":"Cerebral arterial spasm\u2013a controlled trial of nimodipine in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"308","author":"Allen","year":"1983","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9605-9","article-title":"Critical care management of patients following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: recommendations from the neurocritical care society's multidisciplinary consensus conference","volume":"15","author":"Diringer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9600-1","article-title":"Participants in the international multi-disciplinary consensus conference on the critical care management of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Critical care guidelines on the endovascular management of cerebral vasospasm","volume":"15","author":"Kimball","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2016.1161172","article-title":"Is intra arterial nimodipine really beneficial in vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage?","volume":"30","author":"Goel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1005","article-title":"Intra-arterial nimodipine for severe cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: influence on clinical course and cerebral perfusion","volume":"29","author":"Hanggi","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2005.04.004","article-title":"Efficacy of intra-arterial nimodipine in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm complicating subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"60","author":"Hui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib14","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Intra-arterial nimodipine for the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: preliminary results","volume":"25","author":"Biondi","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib15","first-page":"15","article-title":"Complication rate of intraarterial treatment of severe cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage with nimodipine and percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty: worth the risk?","volume":"46","author":"Adami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.02.014","article-title":"Effect of intra-arterial and intravenous nimodipine therapy of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebrovascular reactivity and oxygenation","volume":"101","author":"Hockel","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-017-0428-1","article-title":"Side effects of long-term continuous intra-arterial nimodipine infusion in patients with severe refractory cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"28","author":"Kieninger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400915626429","article-title":"Intra-arterial nimodipine for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage: influence on clinical course and predictors of clinical outcome","volume":"29","author":"Bashir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.589275","article-title":"Definition of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage as an outcome event in clinical trials and observational studies: proposal of a multidisciplinary research group","volume":"41","author":"Vergouwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.06.020","article-title":"Volume perfusion CT (VPCT) for the differential diagnosis of patients with suspected cerebral vasospasm: qualitative and quantitative analysis of 3D parameter maps","volume":"83","author":"Dolatowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2012.52.3.172","article-title":"Angiographic features and clinical outcomes of intra-arterial nimodipine injection in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/159101991101700205","article-title":"Intra-arterial nimodipine infusion for cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"17","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199805000-00013","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of angioplasty for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"42","author":"Bejjani","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199905000-00022","article-title":"Therapeutic modalities for the management of cerebral vasospasm: timing of endovascular options","volume":"44","author":"Rosenwasser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20011003","article-title":"Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of nimodipine in a model system of neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth","volume":"20","author":"Bork","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"12 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib26","first-page":"IV108","article-title":"Diverse mechanisms of neuronal protection by nimodipine in experimental rabbit brain ischemia","volume":"21","author":"Lazarewicz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00136","article-title":"Endovascular rescue treatment for delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is safe and effective","volume":"10","author":"Weiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.2.498","article-title":"Effect of intra-arterial papaverine on regional cerebral blood flow in hemodynamically relevant cerebral vasospasm","volume":"32","author":"Vajkoczy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1179\/016164101101198244","article-title":"The influence of ruptured cerebral aneurysm localization on the blood flow velocity evaluated by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography","volume":"23","author":"Jarus-Dziedzic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2014-011374","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm patterns following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an angiographic study comparing coils with clips","volume":"7","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.146","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: angiographic pattern and its impact on the clinical course","volume":"138","author":"Ditz","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.07.138","article-title":"Intra-arterial papaverine-hydrochloride and transluminal\u00a0balloon angioplasty for neurointerventional management of delayed-onset post-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage vasospasm","volume":"119","author":"Hosmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198001000-00001","article-title":"Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning","volume":"6","author":"Fisher","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib34","first-page":"410","article-title":"Age and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: why do older patients fare worse?","volume":"85","author":"Lanzino","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib35","first-page":"332","article-title":"Management of elderly patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"69","author":"Inagawa","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(89)80004-6","article-title":"Outcome in elderly patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm","volume":"91","author":"Sakaki","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib37","first-page":"1208","article-title":"Association of a younger age with an increased risk of angiographic and symptomatic vasospasms following subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"112","author":"Magge","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1161\/hs0901.094622","article-title":"Effect of age on cerebral blood flow velocity and incidence of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"32","author":"Torbey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31821d2b49","article-title":"Lower incidence of transcranial Doppler and symptomatic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and aneurysm clipping in the elderly patient?","volume":"69","author":"Wachter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(98)00004-9","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular risk factors in the elderly population","volume":"19","author":"Claus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6349.1149","article-title":"Subarachnoid haemorrhage: older patients have low cerebral blood flow","volume":"285","author":"Meyer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00281","article-title":"Age-related reductions in cerebrovascular reactivity using 4D flow MRI","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000144654.79393.cf","article-title":"Early vasospasm on admission angiography in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a predictor for in-hospital complications and poor outcome","volume":"35","author":"Baldwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2011-010248","article-title":"Invasive interventional management of post-hemorrhagic cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"4","author":"Abruzzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e458","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007862","article-title":"Endovascular treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: more is more","volume":"93","author":"Jabbarli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875022003205?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875022003205?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T09:07:58Z","timestamp":1761815278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875022003205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1878875022003205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analysis of Angiographic Treatment Response to Intra-Arterial Nimodipine Bolus Injection in Patients with Medically Refractory Cerebral Vasospasm After Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}