{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:59:11Z","timestamp":1792792751819,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T10:25:55Z","timestamp":1669371955000},"page":"e93-e107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Early Predictors and Outcomes of American Spinal Injury Association Conversion at Discharge in Surgical and Nonsurgical Management of Sports-Related Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"171","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-9229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Najafali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9069-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Pozin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7491-5401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anant","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-882X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bailey","family":"MacInnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3342-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha","family":"Subbarao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2951-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott L.","family":"Zuckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4622-7695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2008.10.014","article-title":"Spinal injuries in sports","volume":"20","author":"Boden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.04.111","article-title":"Spinal fractures incurred by sports-related injuries","volume":"151","author":"Myers","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.8","article-title":"Rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries","volume":"6","author":"Nas","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx425","article-title":"Relationship of American spinal injury association impairment scale grade to post-injury hospitalization and costs in thoracic spinal cord injury","volume":"83","author":"Dukes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"24 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112151-00002","article-title":"Epidemiology, demographics, and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury","volume":"26","author":"Sekhon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.08.179","article-title":"The burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States: disability-adjusted life years","volume":"100","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2016.1138601","article-title":"Epidemiology of sport-related spinal cord injuries: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.121206","article-title":"Emerging therapies for acute traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"185","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can Med Assoc J)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib9","first-page":"126","article-title":"Management of cervical spine injuries in athletes","volume":"42","author":"Bailes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2006.tb00869.x","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord injury in rugby union and rugby league: are incidence rates declining in NSW?","volume":"30","author":"Berry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(02)00105-9","article-title":"Acute sports-related spinal cord injury: contemporary management principles","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2017.03.006","article-title":"Neurosurgical emergencies in sport","volume":"35","author":"Sindelar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100432","article-title":"International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. American spinal injury association","volume":"35","author":"Maynard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-5133-4","article-title":"Classifications in brief: American spinal injury association (ASIA) impairment scale","volume":"475","author":"Roberts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-021-00654-0","article-title":"'Time is Spine': new evidence supports decompression within 24 h for acute spinal cord injury","volume":"59","author":"Ramakonar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5974","article-title":"Early surgical decompression improves neurological outcome after complete traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: ameta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Ter Wengel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.12.001","article-title":"Early surgical decompression within 8 hours for traumatic spinal cord injury: is it beneficial? A meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.37","article-title":"Effect of surgery on motor recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"34","author":"Waters","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2133604","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.33604","article-title":"Effect of early vs delayed surgical treatment on motor recovery in incomplete cervical spinal cord injury with preexisting cervical stenosis: arandomized clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"investigators","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000245591.16087.89","article-title":"Review of treatment trials in human spinal cord injury: issues, difficulties, and recommendations","volume":"59","author":"Tator","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199408000-00009","article-title":"The effectiveness of surgery on the treatment of acute spinal cord injury and its relation to pharmacological treatment","volume":"35","author":"Duh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100962","article-title":"Pharmacological therapy of spinal cord injury during the acute phase","volume":"38","author":"Pointillart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100026858","article-title":"Comparison of surgical and conservative management in 208 patients with acute spinal cord injury","volume":"14","author":"Tator","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.1999.91.1.0012","article-title":"Current use and timing of spinal surgery for management of acute spinal surgery for management of acute spinal cord injury in North America: results of a retrospective multicenter study","volume":"91","author":"Tator","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199711150-00006","article-title":"Neurologic outcome of early versus late surgery for cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"22","author":"Vaccaro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib26","first-page":"239","article-title":"Combined medical and surgical treatment after acute spinal cord injury: results of a prospective pilot study to assess the merits of aggressive medical resuscitation and blood pressure management","volume":"87","author":"Vale","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6606","article-title":"Efficacy of ultra-early (< 12 h), early (12-24 h), and late (>24-138.5 h) surgery with magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed decompression in American spinal injury association impairment scale grades A, B, and C cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"37","author":"Aarabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032037","article-title":"Early versus delayed decompression for traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: results of the Surgical Timing in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (STASCIS)","volume":"7","author":"Fehlings","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30406-3","article-title":"The influence of timing of surgical decompression for acute spinal cord injury: a pooled analysis of individual patient data","volume":"20","author":"Badhiwala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neurological recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Khorasanizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.02.027","article-title":"Spinal cord injury model Systems: review of program and national database from 1970 to 2015","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90246-0","article-title":"History, implementation, and current status of the national spinal cord injury database","volume":"80","author":"Stover","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1179\/204577211X13207446293695","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)","volume":"34","author":"Kirshblum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.158","article-title":"The global map for traumatic spinal cord injury epidemiology: update 2011, global incidence rate","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib35","first-page":"121","article-title":"Comparing blunt and penetrating trauma in spinal cord injury: analysis of long-term functional and neurological outcomes. Top spinal cord inj rehabil","volume":"24","author":"Roach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spring"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90249-6","article-title":"Neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury: data from the Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems","volume":"80","author":"Marino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2020.0038","article-title":"Trends in rates of ASIA impairment scale conversion in traumatic complete spinal cord injury","volume":"1","author":"Marino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotrauma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698736","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.698736","article-title":"Management of acute traumatic spinal cord injury: areview of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"21 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S166","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f386f6","article-title":"Current practice in the timing of surgical intervention in spinal cord injury","volume":"35","author":"Fehlings","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyw053","article-title":"Intramedullary lesion length on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging is a strong predictor of ASIA impairment scale grade conversion following decompressive surgery in cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"80","author":"Aarabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.7.SPINE17107","article-title":"The natural history of complete spinal cord injury: a pooled analysis of 1162 patients and a meta-analysis of modern data","volume":"28","author":"El Tecle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3957","article-title":"Do patients with complete spinal cord injury benefit from early surgical decompression? Analysis of neurological improvement in a prospective cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Bourassa-Moreau","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772314Y.0000000280","article-title":"Neurological and functional recovery after thoracic spinal cord injury","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0760","article-title":"Conversion in ASIA impairment scale during the first year after traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"26","author":"Spiess","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.09.027","article-title":"Upper- and lower-extremity motor recovery after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: an update from the national spinal cord injury database","volume":"92","author":"Marino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9937730","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9937730","article-title":"An overview of spinal injuries due to dive or fall into shallow water: our long-term, double-center experience from the aegean coast","volume":"2021","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Med Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.07.037","article-title":"Early predictors of Near-shore spinal injuries among emergency department patients","volume":"60","author":"Lurie","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Initial blood pressure is important for long-term outcome after traumatic spinal cord injury","author":"Haldrup","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101627","article-title":"Does early decompression improve neurological outcome of spinal cord injured patients? Appraisal of the literature using a meta-analytical approach","volume":"42","author":"La Rosa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875022016369?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875022016369?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T09:19:22Z","timestamp":1761815962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875022016369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S1878875022016369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Early Predictors and Outcomes of American Spinal Injury Association Conversion at Discharge in Surgical and Nonsurgical Management of Sports-Related Spinal Cord Injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.11.084","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}