{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:57:37Z","timestamp":1778219857909,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T02:16:38Z","timestamp":1676340998000},"page":"e241-e249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The Potential Negative Effects of Smoking on Cervical and Lumbar Surgery Beyond Pseudarthrosis: A Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Seokchun","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lonni","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6523-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Zakko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Macki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1502-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Pawloski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Fadel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0758-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4564-6385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsueh-Han","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Nerenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Schwalb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muwaffak","family":"Abdulhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilyas","family":"Aleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Easton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jad","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguelangelo","family":"Perez-Cruet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8580-0706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4550","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.41.0183","article-title":"Impact of cigarette smoking on cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study","volume":"30","author":"Agudo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.01.007","article-title":"Cigarette smoking: an undertreated risk factor for cardiovascular disease","volume":"205","author":"Erhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114803","article-title":"The effects of maternal smoking on fetal and infant mortality","volume":"127","author":"Kleinman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00008910","article-title":"Smoking strongly predicts disability retirement due to COPD: the Finnish Twin Cohort Study","volume":"37","author":"Koskenvuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2004.07.998","article-title":"Tobacco smoking and cancer: a brief review of recent epidemiological evidence","volume":"45","author":"Sasco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib7","author":"Pleis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr031421","article-title":"Tobacco control in the wake of the 1998 master settlement agreement","volume":"350","author":"Schroeder","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2005.015263","article-title":"Effects of preoperative smoking cessation on the incidence and risk of intraoperative and post-operative complications in adult smokers: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Theadom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.05.023","article-title":"The impact of smoking on surgical outcomes","volume":"215","author":"Khullar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib11","first-page":"860","article-title":"Transpedicular screw-rod fixation of the lumbar spine: operative technique and outcome in 104 cases","volume":"77","author":"Dickman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199707000-00025","article-title":"Smoking and the human vertebral column: a review of the impact of cigarette use on vertebral bone metabolism and spinal fusion","volume":"41","author":"Hadley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199905010-00004","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy with freeze-dried fibula allograft. Overview of 317 cases and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Martin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e92b36","article-title":"Smokers show less improvement than nonsmokers two years after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a study of 4555 patients from the Swedish spine register","volume":"36","author":"Sand\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1571285","article-title":"The effects of smoking and smoking cessation on spine surgery: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219890292","article-title":"Does smoking status influence health-related quality of life outcome measures in patients undergoing ACDF?","volume":"11","author":"Mangan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2437-1","article-title":"Does daily tobacco smoking affect outcomes after microdecompression for degenerative central lumbar spinal stenosis? - a multicenter observational registry-based study","volume":"157","author":"Gulati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182634b04","article-title":"Who should have surgery for spinal stenosis? Treatment effect predictors in SPORT","volume":"37","author":"Pearson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.10.FOCUS15370","article-title":"The Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative: a statewide collaborative quality initiative","volume":"39","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E12","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.2.FOCUS18734","article-title":"Predictive model for long-term patient satisfaction after surgery for grade I degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: insights from the Quality Outcomes Database","volume":"46","author":"Mummaneni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.10.FOCUS17554","article-title":"Defining the minimum clinically important difference for grade I degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: insights from the quality outcomes database","volume":"44","author":"Asher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.10.006","article-title":"Determination of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in pain, disability, and quality of life after revision fusion for symptomatic pseudoarthrosis","volume":"12","author":"Parker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22025","article-title":"Validity and reliability of patient-reported outcomes measurement information system instruments in osteoarthritis","volume":"65","author":"Broderick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.11.018","article-title":"Minimally important differences were estimated for six patient-reported outcomes measurement information system-cancer scales in advanced-stage cancer patients","volume":"64","author":"Yost","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-7713-0","article-title":"Comparison of the minimally important difference for two health state utility measures: EQ-5D and SF-6D","volume":"14","author":"Walters","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.7.SPINE17661","article-title":"Validation of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computerized adaptive tests in cervical spine surgery","volume":"28","author":"Boody","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.8.SPINE1194","article-title":"Determination of minimum clinically important difference in pain, disability, and quality of life after extension of fusion for adjacent-segment disease","volume":"16","author":"Parker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.11.006","article-title":"Minimum clinically important difference in lumbar spine surgery patients: a choice of methods using the Oswestry Disability Index, Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire Short Form 36, and Pain Scales","volume":"8","author":"Copay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.1.SPINE11842","article-title":"Minimum clinically important difference in pain, disability, and quality of life after neural decompression and fusion for same-level recurrent lumbar stenosis: understanding clinical versus statistical significance","volume":"16","author":"Parker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815cf75b","article-title":"Minimum clinically important change of the neck disability index and the numerical rating scale for patients with neck pain","volume":"32","author":"Pool","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.02.007","article-title":"Neck Disability Index, short-For 36 physical component summary, and pain scales for neck and arm pain: the minimum clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit after cervical spine fusion","volume":"10","author":"Carreon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000197258.30821.50","article-title":"Subsidence of stand-alone cervical carbon fiber cages","volume":"58","author":"Bartels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib34","first-page":"402","article-title":"The effect of acute smoking on spinal fusion: an experimental study among rabbits","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199509150-00014","article-title":"Effects of spinal instrumentation on fusion of the lumbosacral spine","volume":"20","author":"Schwab","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199306150-00006","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective, randomized study of lumbar fusion. Preliminary results","volume":"18","author":"Zdeblick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib37","first-page":"1323","article-title":"The impact of smoking on neurosurgical outcomes","volume":"119","author":"Lau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.3.167","article-title":"Validation of self reported smoking by serum cotinine measurement in a community-based study","volume":"56","author":"Vartiainen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Epidemiol Community Health"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875023001778?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875023001778?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T04:33:01Z","timestamp":1726633981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875023001778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S1878875023001778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Potential Negative Effects of Smoking on Cervical and Lumbar Surgery Beyond Pseudarthrosis: A Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}