{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:18:39Z","timestamp":1762561119293,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T01:21:15Z","timestamp":1724376075000},"page":"e206-e213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comprehensive Morphometric Analysis of the Rhomboid Fossa: Implications for Safe Entry Zones in Brainstem Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1209-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mete","family":"Erturk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6574-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Demircubuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-5570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Candar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-7379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulgun","family":"Sengul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib1","series-title":"Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications","first-page":"152","article-title":"An overview of the brainstem","author":"Haines","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2018-4745","article-title":"Anatomical step-by-step dissection of midline suboccipital approaches to the fourth ventricle for trainees: surgical anatomy of the telovelar, transvermian, and superior transvelar routes, surgical principles, and illustrative cases","volume":"85","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0335","article-title":"Adult brainstem gliomas","volume":"17","author":"Reyes-Botero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa295","article-title":"Epidemiology of brainstem high-grade gliomas in children and adolescents in the United States, 2000-2017","volume":"23","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib5","series-title":"Pediatric Radiology","first-page":"205","article-title":"Brain imaging","author":"Barnes","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809338960","article-title":"Pediatric high-grade gliomas and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas","volume":"24","author":"Fangusaro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0346-3","article-title":"Brainstem glioma: a review","volume":"13","author":"Grimm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70615-5","article-title":"Diffuse brainstem glioma in children: critical review of clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"Hargrave","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11185","article-title":"Spatial and temporal homogeneity of driver mutations in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma","volume":"7","author":"Nikbakht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02630-8","article-title":"Current perspectives on diffuse midline glioma and a different role for the immune microenvironment compared to glioblastoma","volume":"19","author":"Pachocki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-003-0870-6","article-title":"Brainstem gliomas","volume":"20","author":"Jallo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib12","article-title":"Surgical treatment and prognosis of focal brainstem gliomas in children: a 7 year single center experience","volume":"99","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib13","first-page":"845","article-title":"Surgical management of brain-stem tumors in children: results and statistical analysis of 75 cases","volume":"79","author":"Pierre-Kahn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography9040122","article-title":"The role of advanced MRI sequences in the diagnosis and follow-up of adult brainstem gliomas: a neuroradiological review","volume":"9","author":"Guarnera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2799-y","article-title":"Surgical approaches for brainstem tumors in pediatric patients","volume":"31","author":"Cavalheiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.5.PEDS14638","article-title":"Cervicomedullary tumors in children","volume":"16","author":"McAbee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000524165","article-title":"Cervicomedullary gliomas in pediatric age: a systematic review of the literature and tertiary care center experience","volume":"57","author":"Trezza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_290_17","article-title":"Management and surgical approaches of brainstem cavernous malformations: our experience and literature review","volume":"14","author":"Cannizzaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318283c9c2","article-title":"Cavernous malformation of brainstem, thalamus, and basal ganglia: a series of 176 patients","volume":"72","author":"Pandey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026120","article-title":"Outcomes of surgery for brainstem cavernous malformations: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Kearns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.630134","article-title":"Brainstem cavernous malformations management: microsurgery vs. radiosurgery, a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Fotakopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.08.072","article-title":"Resection of brainstem cavernous malformations: pearls and pitfalls for minimizing complications","volume":"159","author":"Marotta","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib23","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of safe entry zones to the brainstem","volume":"124","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.09.077","article-title":"Anatomical and objective evaluation of the main surgical approaches to pontine intra-axial lesions","volume":"121","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib25","series-title":"Comprehensive Overview of Modern Surgical Approaches to Intrinsic Brain Tumors","first-page":"53","article-title":"Brain stem anatomy and surgical approaches","author":"Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1159\/000321539","article-title":"Experiences with the telovelar approach to fourth ventricular tumors in children","volume":"46","author":"Zaheer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-019-01190-5","article-title":"Telovelar surgical approach","volume":"44","author":"Ghali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib28","first-page":"484","article-title":"Comparison of the transvermian and telovelar approaches to the fourth ventricle","volume":"101","author":"Tanriover","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s41984-019-0036-9","article-title":"Telovelar approach versus transvermian approach in management of fourth ventricular tumors","volume":"34","author":"Ebrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib30","series-title":"Brainstem Tumors Diagnosis and Management","first-page":"41","article-title":"Anatomy of the brainstem","author":"Basma","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01411553","article-title":"The anatomical aspects of a surgical approach through the floor of the fourth ventricle","volume":"139","author":"Bogucki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01402120","article-title":"Anatomical landmarks of the rhomboid fossa (floor of the 4th ventricle), its length and its width","volume":"113","author":"Lang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib33","first-page":"602","article-title":"Three-dimensional microsurgical anatomy and the safe entry zones of the brainstem","volume":"4","author":"Yagmurlu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2358-z","article-title":"Telo-velar approach to fourth-ventricle tumours: how I do it","volume":"157","author":"Tomasello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib35","first-page":"1596","article-title":"Approach selection for intrinsic brainstem pathologies","volume":"125","author":"Kalani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004016403","article-title":"Casts of the cerebral ventricles","volume":"40","author":"Last","year":"1953","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198211000-00008","article-title":"Microsurgery of the fourth ventricle: part 1. Microsurgical anatomy","volume":"11","author":"Matsushima","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib38","first-page":"768","article-title":"Morphometric study of the human brainstem and its neurovascular relations","volume":"28","author":"Szabo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib39","first-page":"893","article-title":"Pericollicular surgical approaches to the rhomboid fossa. Part I. Anatomical basis","volume":"87","author":"Strauss","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib40","first-page":"445","article-title":"Morphometric assessment of the external anatomy of fourth ventricle and dorsal brainstem in fresh cadavers","volume":"29","author":"Antar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-019-01081-9","article-title":"Analysis of safe entry zones into the brainstem","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib42","first-page":"987","article-title":"A\u00a0study of safe entry zones via the floor of the fourth ventricle for brain-stem lesions. Report of three cases","volume":"78","author":"Kyoshima","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.10.111","article-title":"Resection of quadrigeminal midbrain cavernous malformation using the supracollicular safe entry zone","volume":"169","author":"Graffeo","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s101430100179","article-title":"Cerebral cavernomas in the adult. Review of the literature and analysis of 72 surgically treated patients","volume":"25","author":"Bertalanffy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib45","first-page":"1134","article-title":"The superior fovea triangle approach: a novel safe entry zone to the brainstem","volume":"127","author":"Yagmurlu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib46","first-page":"9","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the safe entry zones on the anterolateral brainstem related to surgical approaches to cavernous malformations","volume":"62","author":"Recalde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01476414","article-title":"Tectal plate gliomas. Part I: microsurgery of the tectal plate gliomas","volume":"126","author":"Lapras","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-7008-3_2","article-title":"Selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy. Operative anatomy and surgical technique","volume":"12","author":"Ya\u015fargil","year":"1985","journal-title":"Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-4586","article-title":"New frontiers in intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Oliva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2016.12.3.262","article-title":"Intraoperative monitoring and mapping of the functional integrity of the brainstem","volume":"12","author":"Deletis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2015.2.20140621","article-title":"Focal brainstem gliomas. Advances in intra-operative management","volume":"20","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib52","article-title":"Brainstem diffusion tensor tractography and clinical applications in pain","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_226_16","article-title":"Role of diffusion tensor imaging in brain tumor surgery","volume":"13","author":"Dubey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14102466","article-title":"The utilization of diffusion tensor imaging as an image-guided tool in brain tumor resection surgery: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Manan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2011.12.6.651","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging: exploring the motor networks and clinical applications","volume":"12","author":"Ahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"year":"2023","series-title":"MRI\/DTI Atlas of the Human Brainstem","author":"Paxinos","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib56"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(97)00050-2","article-title":"The shrinkage of the human brain stem during formalin fixation and embedding in paraffin","volume":"75","author":"Quester","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23671","article-title":"Acknowledging the use of human cadaveric tissues in research papers: recommendations from anatomical journal editors","volume":"34","author":"Iwanaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Anat"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875024014633?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875024014633?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:15:42Z","timestamp":1762560942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875024014633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S1878875024014633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1878-8750"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comprehensive Morphometric Analysis of the Rhomboid Fossa: Implications for Safe Entry Zones in Brainstem Surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.096","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}