{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T18:34:41Z","timestamp":1793471681403,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018726","name":"Epilepsy Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82030037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82030037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11000023T000002036286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11000023T000002036286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T17:42:12Z","timestamp":1729100532000},"page":"373-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative Efficacy of Neuromodulatory Strategies for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A\u00a0Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dafeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengxin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josemir W.","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongzhi","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoguang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32596-0","article-title":"Epilepsy in adults","volume":"393","author":"Thijs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.966721","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms and comorbidities in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in presurgical assessment-A prospective explorative single center study","volume":"13","author":"Friedrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12010","article-title":"Defeating epilepsy: a global public health commitment","volume":"2","author":"Saxena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109329","article-title":"Psychiatric and psychological assessment of Spanish patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) with no response to previous treatments","volume":"145","author":"Sobregrau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12726","article-title":"Subjective cognition is linked to everyday functioning in epilepsy","volume":"8","author":"Hohmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.17426","article-title":"Resective epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant focal epilepsy: a review","volume":"313","author":"Jobst","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324531","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of naming outcomes in anterior temporal lobectomy versus selective amygdalohippocampectomy","volume":"92","author":"Ives-Deliperi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib8","first-page":"496","article-title":"Prospective analysis of diplopia after anterior temporal lobectomy for mesial temporal lobe sclerosis","volume":"99","author":"Cohen-Gadol","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00300-8","article-title":"Neuromodulation in epilepsy: state-of-the-art approved therapies","volume":"20","author":"Ryvlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2022.103038","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation - a brief introduction and overview","volume":"243","author":"Hilz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci : basic & clinical"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000344181.97126.b4","article-title":"Trigeminal nerve stimulation for epilepsy: long-term feasibility and efficacy","volume":"72","author":"DeGiorgio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00594.x","article-title":"Pilot study of trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) for epilepsy: a proof-of-concept trial","volume":"47","author":"DeGiorgio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2020.05.016","article-title":"Review of transcranial magnetic stimulation in epilepsy","volume":"42","author":"Tsuboyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib14","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07513-9","article-title":"The role of neuromodulation in the management of drug-resistant epilepsy","author":"Salama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13964","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216669183","article-title":"Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and\/or mid-quartile range","volume":"27","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445516673998","article-title":"Intercoder reliability and validity of WebPlotDigitizer in extracting graphed data","volume":"41","author":"Drevon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib19","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17243","article-title":"Neurostimulation in people with drug-resistant epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis from the ILAE surgical therapies commission","volume":"63","author":"Touma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.08.012","article-title":"Predictive distributions were developed for the extent of heterogeneity in meta-analyses of continuous outcome data","volume":"68","author":"Rhodes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.10.005","article-title":"Advances in the GRADE approach to rate the certainty in estimates from a network meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.4364","article-title":"Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: a systematic review and individual patient data network meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Karyotaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib25","first-page":"2874","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of VNS therapy or continued medication management for treatment of adults with drug-resistant epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"269","author":"Batson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1045","article-title":"Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: model estimation using multivariate meta-regression","volume":"3","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1044","article-title":"Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies","volume":"3","author":"Higgins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0060-8","article-title":"Ranking treatments in frequentist network meta-analysis works without resampling methods","volume":"15","author":"R\u00fccker","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200109000-00004","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation: clinical experience in a large patient series","volume":"18","author":"Scherrmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.4.560","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of seizures: a controlled study","volume":"59","author":"Theodore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00426.x","article-title":"A\u00a0controlled clinical trial of cathodal DC polarization in patients with refractory epilepsy","volume":"47","author":"Fregni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182302056","article-title":"Responsive cortical stimulation for the treatment of medically intractable partial epilepsy","volume":"77","author":"Morrell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318285c11a","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of trigeminal nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"80","author":"DeGiorgio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.05.021","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation in refractory epilepsy: new indications and outcome assessment","volume":"28","author":"Marras","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12534","article-title":"Two-year seizure reduction in adults with medically intractable partial onset epilepsy treated with responsive neurostimulation: final results of the RNS System Pivotal trial","volume":"55","author":"Heck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20131511","article-title":"An alternative therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy: transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"127","author":"Rong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001280","article-title":"(RNS)Long-term treatment with responsive brain stimulation in adults with refractory partial seizures","volume":"84","author":"Bergey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001334","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of thalamic stimulation for drug-resistant partial epilepsy","volume":"84","author":"Salanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.11.003","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial (cMPsE02)","volume":"9","author":"Bauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13860","article-title":"Seizure outcome after hippocampal deep brain stimulation in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy: a prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"58","author":"Cukiert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-016-3027-6","article-title":"Effectiveness of vagal nerve stimulation in medication-resistant epilepsy. Comparison between patients with and without medication changes","volume":"159","author":"Garc\u00eda-Pallero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13740","article-title":"Brain-responsive neurostimulation in patients with medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"58","author":"Geller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13739","article-title":"Brain-responsive neurostimulation in patients with medically intractable seizures arising from eloquent and other neocortical areas","volume":"58","author":"Jobst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2017.0929","article-title":"Outcome of vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: the first three years of a prospective Japanese registry","volume":"19","author":"Kawai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.08.013","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"San-Juan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib46","first-page":"294","article-title":"Anterior thalamic deep brain stimulation in refractory epilepsy: a randomized, double-blinded study","volume":"139","author":"Herrman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.06.005","article-title":"External trigeminal nerve stimulation for drug resistant epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Gil-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.09.006","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation reduces seizure frequency in patients with refractory focal epilepsy: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, and three-arm parallel multicenter study","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16895","article-title":"The SANT\u00c9 study at 10 years of follow-up: effectiveness, safety, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy","volume":"62","author":"Salanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.01.130","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of seizure onset zone-targeting high-definition cathodal tDCS in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy","volume":"136","author":"Rezakhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108676","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot randomized controlled clinical trial of transcranial alternating current stimulation in patients with multifocal pharmaco-resistant epilepsy","volume":"130","author":"San-Juan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1852","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000206887","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus in drug-resistant epilepsy in the MORE multicenter patient registry","volume":"100","author":"Peltola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-023-01353-9","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.48","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial-onset seizures: a randomized active-control trial","volume":"51","author":"Handforth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.220","article-title":"Early surgical therapy for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: a randomized trial","volume":"307","author":"Engel","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1244","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010154","article-title":"Nine-year prospective efficacy and safety of brain-responsive neurostimulation for focal epilepsy","volume":"95","author":"Nair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20130518","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial","author":"Rong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00023-5","article-title":"Epilepsy in China: major progress in the past two decades","volume":"20","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.07.024","article-title":"Comparisons of the seizure-free outcome and visual field deficits between anterior temporal lobectomy and selective amygdalohippocampectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1771172","article-title":"Surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy: comparative results of selective amygdalohippocampectomy versus anterior temporal lobectomy from a referral center in Brazil","volume":"81","author":"Almeida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000685","article-title":"Preventing visual field deficits from neurosurgery","volume":"83","author":"Winston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01604.x","article-title":"Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery and the quest for optimal extent of resection: a review","volume":"49","author":"Schramm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2196","article-title":"Translational principles of deep brain stimulation","volume":"8","author":"Kringelbach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2015.08.009","article-title":"Selective amygdalohippocampectomy","volume":"27","author":"Hoyt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib65","article-title":"Stereo-electroencephalography-guided three-dimensional radiofrequency thermocoagulation for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: a retrospective study with long-term follow-up","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.69","article-title":"Epilepsy: responsive neurostimulation-modulating the epileptic brain","volume":"10","author":"Ben-Menachem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2018.12.005","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy","volume":"30","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00426-z","article-title":"Technology of deep brain stimulation: current status and future directions","volume":"17","author":"Krauss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2019.1683445","article-title":"The RNS System: brain-responsive neurostimulation for the treatment of epilepsy","volume":"18","author":"Jarosiewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17331","article-title":"Anterior nucleus of the thalamus deep brain stimulation vs temporal lobe responsive neurostimulation for temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"63","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib71","first-page":"1463","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after responsive neurostimulation for treatment of refractory epilepsy: a single-center experience of 100 cases","volume":"139","author":"Roa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-313297","article-title":"Comparing neurostimulation technologies in refractory focal-onset epilepsy","volume":"87","author":"Gooneratne","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E14","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.1.FOCUS11335","article-title":"Comparison of seizure control outcomes and the safety of vagus nerve, thalamic deep brain, and responsive neurostimulation: evidence from randomized controlled trials","volume":"32","author":"Rolston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12376","article-title":"Automatic vagus nerve stimulation triggered by ictal tachycardia: clinical outcomes and device performance--the U.S. E-37 trial","volume":"19","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib75","first-page":"1218","volume":"25","author":"Vincent","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"128","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2024.e00343","article-title":"High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation desynchronizes refractory status epilepticus","volume":"21","author":"Toutant","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12650","article-title":"Vagus nerve and vagus nerve stimulation, a comprehensive review: Part II","volume":"56","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.10.029","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective long-term study of external trigeminal nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"42","author":"Soss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13247","article-title":"Randomized crossover sham-controlled clinical trial of targeted low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation comparing a figure-8 and a round coil to treat refractory neocortical epilepsy","volume":"57","author":"Seynaeve","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01209-9","article-title":"Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): from basic mechanisms towards first applications in psychiatry","volume":"271","author":"Elyamany","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatr Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10120932","article-title":"The modulation of cognitive performance with transcranial alternating current stimulation: a systematic review of frequency-specific effects","volume":"10","author":"Klink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2022.11.013","article-title":"Neurocognitive, physiological, and biophysical effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation","volume":"27","author":"Wischnewski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.178","article-title":"The role of inflammation in epilepsy","volume":"7","author":"Vezzani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(95)00030-5","article-title":"Glutamate, GABA and epilepsy","volume":"47","author":"Bradford","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.11.008","article-title":"Glia and epilepsy: excitability and inflammation","volume":"36","author":"Devinsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12122","article-title":"c-FOS expression after hippocampal deep brain stimulation in normal rats","volume":"17","author":"da Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.07.021","article-title":"Effects of anterior thalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation on neurogenesis in epileptic and healthy rats","volume":"1672","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17329","article-title":"Practical considerations in epilepsy neurostimulation","volume":"63","author":"Simpson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17163","article-title":"Intracranial electroencephalographic biomarker predicts effective responsive neurostimulation for epilepsy prior to treatment","volume":"63","author":"Scheid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.48","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial-onset seizures: a randomized active-control trial","volume":"51","author":"Handforth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200109000-00004","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation: clinical experience in a large patient series","volume":"18","author":"Scherrmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.4.560","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of seizures: a controlled study","volume":"59","author":"Theodore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20950","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized clinical trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with refractory epilepsy","volume":"60","author":"Fregni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182302056","article-title":"(RNS) Responsive cortical stimulation for the treatment of medically intractable partial epilepsy","volume":"77","author":"Morrell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.220","article-title":"Early surgical therapy for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: a randomized trial","volume":"307","author":"Engel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.05.021","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation in refractory epilepsy: new indications and outcome assessment","volume":"28","author":"Marras","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318285c11a","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of trigeminal nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"80","author":"DeGiorgio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20131511","article-title":"An alternative therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy: transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"127","author":"Rong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12534","article-title":"Two-year seizure reduction in adults with medically intractable partial onset epilepsy treated with responsive neurostimulation: final results of the RNS system pivotal trial","volume":"55","author":"Heck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001280","article-title":"Long-term treatment with responsive brain stimulation in adults with refractory partial seizures","volume":"84","author":"Bergey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001334","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of thalamic stimulation for drug-resistant partial epilepsy","volume":"84","author":"Salanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.11.003","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial (cMPsE02)","volume":"9","author":"Bauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-016-3027-6","article-title":"Effectiveness of vagal nerve stimulation in medication-resistant epilepsy. Comparison between patients with and without medication changes","volume":"159","author":"Garc\u00eda-Pallero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2017.0929","article-title":"Outcome of vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: the first three years of a prospective Japanese registry","volume":"19","author":"Kawai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13860","article-title":"Seizure outcome after hippocampal deep brain stimulation in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy: a prospective, controlled, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"58","author":"Cukiert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13740","article-title":"Brain-responsive neurostimulation in patients with medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"58","author":"Geller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13739","article-title":"Brain-responsive neurostimulation in patients with medically intractable seizures arising from eloquent and other neocortical areas","volume":"58","author":"Jobst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.08.013","article-title":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Hippocampal Sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"San-Juan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib110","first-page":"294","article-title":"Anterior thalamic deep brain stimulation in refractory epilepsy: a randomized, double-blinded study","volume":"139","author":"Herrman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1244","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010154","article-title":"Nine-year prospective efficacy and safety of brain-responsive neurostimulation for focal epilepsy","volume":"95","author":"Nair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.06.005","article-title":"External trigeminal nerve stimulation for drug resistant epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Gil-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.09.006","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation reduces seizure frequency in patients with refractory focal epilepsy: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, and three-arm parallel multicenter study","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16895","article-title":"The SANT\u00c9 study at 10 years of follow-up: effectiveness, safety, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy","volume":"62","author":"Salanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.01.130","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of seizure onset zone-targeting high-definition cathodal tDCS in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy","volume":"136","author":"Rezakhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108676","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot randomized controlled clinical trial of transcranial alternating current stimulation in patients with multifocal pharmaco-resistant epilepsy","volume":"130","author":"San-Juan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1852","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000206887","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus in drug-resistant epilepsy in the MORE multicenter patient registry","volume":"100","author":"Peltola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-023-01353-9","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875024016334?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875024016334?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:55:49Z","timestamp":1778831749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875024016334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":118,"alternative-id":["S1878875024016334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative Efficacy of Neuromodulatory Strategies for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A\u00a0Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.09.084","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}