{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:47:17Z","timestamp":1790419637177,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T07:49:37Z","timestamp":1747122577000},"page":"124018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Machine Learning-Based Modeling for Predicting Hypopituitarism After Cranial Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Ai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30371-X","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research","volume":"16","author":"Maas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690701253331","article-title":"Hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury (TBI)","volume":"21","author":"Agha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-024-03088-3","article-title":"Acute and chronic hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Aljboor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2016.1257823","article-title":"Pituitary gland trauma in fatal nonsurgical closed traumatic brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Idowu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0917-z","article-title":"Posterior pituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: review","volume":"22","author":"Tudor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/nep3.46","article-title":"Glutamate and excitotoxicity in central nervous system diseases: ionotropic glutamate receptors as targets for neuroprotection","volume":"2.2","author":"Magdaleno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroprotection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00958-8","article-title":"Pituitary pathology in traumatic brain injury: a review","volume":"22","author":"Sav","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ten.0000225990.98873.cd","article-title":"Lack of somatostatin analogs effectiveness in gonadotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: report of a case and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Curto","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Endocrinologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6939","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186939","article-title":"Effect of acute and prolonged inflammation on the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in the anterior pituitary gland of ewes","volume":"21","author":"Wojtulewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00437-2","article-title":"Insights into non-classic and emerging causes of hypopituitarism","volume":"17","author":"Prodam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00941-3","article-title":"A clinical and pathophysiological approach to traumatic brain injury-induced pituitary dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Temizkan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00944-0","article-title":"Neuroendocrine changes induced by traumatic brain injury: acute hormonal changes in the anterior pituitary","volume":"22","author":"Ntali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00956-w","article-title":"Clinical picture and the treatment of TBI-induced hypopituitarism","volume":"22","author":"Caputo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56090455","article-title":"Comparison of conventional statistical methods with machine learning in medicine: diagnosis, drug development, and treatment","volume":"56","author":"Rajula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_312_2023","article-title":"Machine learning algorithms for predicting outcomes of traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Courville","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib16","series-title":"Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2015.30.4.443","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hypopituitarism","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03020.x","article-title":"Predictors of anterior pituitary insufficiency after traumatic brain injury","volume":"68","author":"Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3998","article-title":"Predictors of hypopituitarism in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"32","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005405","article-title":"Risk factors for anterior hypopituitarism in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"30","author":"You","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6349","article-title":"Prevalence of anterior pituitary dysfunction twelve months or more following traumatic brain injury in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Emelifeonwu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00938-y","article-title":"The frequency and the diagnosis of pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury","volume":"22","author":"Glynn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4303161","article-title":"Brain midline shift measurement and its automation: a review of techniques and algorithms","volume":"2018","author":"Liao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10189","article-title":"Predictive factors of 30-day mortality in patients with traumatic subdural hematoma","volume":"22","author":"Pastor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3136","article-title":"Mechanical properties of the brain: focus on the essential role of Piezo1-mediated mechanotransduction in the CNS","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07108-6","article-title":"Neuronal dynamics direct cerebrospinal fluid perfusion and brain clearance","volume":"627","author":"Jiang-Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319713503487","article-title":"Changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis following transient ischemic attack","volume":"65","author":"Radak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.13004\/kjnt.2022.18.e49","article-title":"Basilar skull fractures and their complications in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Shafiei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000665","article-title":"Cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure","volume":"24","author":"Koenig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.10.014","article-title":"Regulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in neurodegenerative, neurovascular and neuroinflammatory disease","volume":"1862","author":"Simon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib31","article-title":"Hal Scofield,Post traumatic stress disorder associated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and physical illness","volume":"41","author":"Stephanie Lawrence","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06786-y","article-title":"Intracranial pressure: current perspectives on physiology and monitoring. Erratum in: Intensive Care Med. 2023 Mar;49(3):384","volume":"48","author":"Hawryluk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot087312","article-title":"Detecting cleaved caspase-3 in apoptotic cells by flow cytometry","volume":"2016","author":"Crowley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.10.004","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders: mechanisms and implications","volume":"15","author":"Chandra Dash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34225","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.400135","article-title":"Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-binding protein C1orf124 is a regulator of translesion synthesis","volume":"287","author":"Ghosal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9","article-title":"NF-\u03baB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S456326","article-title":"Mendelian randomization analysis of circulating cytokines and risk of autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases","volume":"13","author":"Tao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.04.005","article-title":"The immunological response to traumatic brain injury","volume":"332","author":"Needham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00953-z","article-title":"The role of autoimmunity in pituitary dysfunction due to traumatic brain injury","volume":"22","author":"De Bellis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4051025","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary autoimmunity and traumatic brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13081210","article-title":"Unveiling the etiopathogenic spectrum of hypophysitis: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Menotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3344","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093344","article-title":"Mechanisms of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in traumatic brain injury","volume":"21","author":"Cash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06283-0","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation in patients with acute brain injury: recommendations of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine consensus","volume":"46","author":"Robba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-024-09888-8","article-title":"Morbidities and mortality among hospitalized patients with hypopituitarism: prevalence, causes and management","volume":"25","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9438046","article-title":"Factors affecting the length of stay in the intensive care unit: our clinical experience","volume":"2018","author":"Toptas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.03.005","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and depressive disorder: the role of the hypothalamus","volume":"75","author":"Cernackova","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133323","article-title":"Growth hormone deficiency following traumatic brain injury","volume":"20","author":"Kgosidialwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.634415","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury as frequent cause of hypopituitarism and growth hormone deficiency: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Gasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-023-01263-5","article-title":"Neuroendocrine disruptions following head injury","volume":"23","author":"Wexler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01672-3","article-title":"Endocrine dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: an ignored clinical syndrome?","volume":"39","author":"Mahajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.146","article-title":"Prevalence of hypopituitarism and quality of life in survivors of post-traumatic brain injury","volume":"3","author":"Bensalah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diab Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2017.1418906","article-title":"Hypopituitarism 3 and 12 months after traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"32","author":"Jonasdottir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Inj"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875025003742?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875025003742?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:18:17Z","timestamp":1762561097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875025003742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S1878875025003742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Machine Learning-Based Modeling for Predicting Hypopituitarism After Cranial Trauma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124018"}}